Kebijakan Pembelajaran Yang Merdeka: Dukungan Dan Kritik

Dunia pendidikan Indonesia sedang menjadi perbincangan hangat semua kalangan dengan dikeluarkannya program baru kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nadiem Makarim tentang merdeka belajar. Empat program merdeka belajar meliputi Ujian Nasional, Ujian Sekolah Berbasis Nasional, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, sistim zonasi. Pada tahun 2020 UN akan dihapuskan dan digantikan dengan menerapkan kebijakan Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum dan Survei Karakter. Asesmen kompetensi mininum dan surveri karakter terdiri dari kemampuan bernalar menggunakan bahasa (literasi), kemampuan bernalar menggunakan matematika (numerasi), dan penguatan pendidikan karakter. Penyelenggaraan USBN (Ujian Sekolah Berbasis Nasional) tahun 2020 akan dilakukan dengan ujian yang diselenggarakan oleh sekolah. Ujian tersebut dilakukan untuk menilai kompetensi siswa dan dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk tes tertulis atau bentuk penilaian komprehensif seperti portofolio dan penugasan. Portofolio ini nantinya dapat dilakukan melalui tugas kelompok, karya tulis. Dalam pembuatan dan perencanaan RPP guru tidak dibebani lagi dengan banyak komponan seperti pada RPP kurikulum 2013 namun lebih disederhanakan meliputi 3 aspek saja yaitu tujuan pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran dan asesmen. Tunjuannya agar mengurangi beban adminisrasi guru, keempat sistim zonasi perubahaan sistim zonasi yang di canangkan oleh kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yang baru untuk mengakomodasi ketimpangan akses dan kualitas di berbagai daerah. Maka komposisi PPDB jalur zonasi dapat menerima siswa minimal 50 persen, jalur afirmasi minimal 15 persen, dan jalur perpindahan maksimal 5 persen. Untuk jalur prestasi atau sisa 0-30 persen lainnya disesuaikan dengan kondisi daerah. Dengan demikian dengan diberlakukan sistim zonasi yang baru maka anak anak yang berprestasi bisa memilih sekolah yang mereka inginkan. Dengan digulirkannya kebijakan merdeka belajar maka hal ini juga harus di barengi dengan peningkatan kualitas SDM tenaga pendidik dan peningkatan kesejahteraan Guru dan memperhatikan nasib tenaga guru honorer. Merdeka belajar apakah akan mempu menjawab permasalahan pendidikan di Indonesia, itu masih membutuhkan pembuktian namun setidaknya dengan merdeka belajar guru maupun peserta didik telah medeka dalam mengajar dan menerima pembelajaran.

Integration of Humic Acid With Nitrogen for Improving Yield of Maize Genotypes

Soil, being an important constituent of crop production, serves as a major source of plant nutrients availability as well as metabolic processes which are indispensible for plant growth, development and survival. The integration of humic acid and inorganic fertilizers may help to fight the deficiency of essential nutrients and improve the soil fertility for better crop yield. Bearing in mind the above objectives, the current study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Swabi for two consecutive years of 2014 and 2015. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block (RCB) design using split-split plot arrangement and three replications. Four maize genotypes (3025, 55w65, Jalal and Iqbal), four N levels (0, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1) and four treatments of humic acid (0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.6 kg HA ha-1) were included in it. Regarding maize genotypes, late emergence, maximum days to 50% tasseling, 50% silking, anthesis to silking interval (ASI), days to physiological maturity, seed fill duration (SFD), leaves plant-1, leaf dry weight plant-1 at silking, leaf area plant-1 at silking, leaf area index (LAI) at silking, absolute growth rate (AGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) at silking, plant biomass, plant height, yield and yield components, harvest index (HI), agronomic-nitrogen use efficiency (NUE-AE), partial factor productivity-nitrogen use efficiency (NUE-PFP) and net income (NI) were recorded for hybrid 55w65, while higher AGR as well as CGR at maturity and productive plants m-2 were calculated for hybrid 3025. However, maximum specific leaf area (SLA) plant-1, leaf area ratio (LAR) plant-1, net assimilation rate (NAR) (30-75 DAS), soil attributes (organic matter, P and N) at maize harvest and grain protein were observed for Iqbal variety. As far as humic acid (HA) treatments are concerned, maximum days to physiological maturity, SFD, leaves plant-1, leaf dry weight plant-1 at silking, leaf area plant-1, LAI, AGR, CGR at silking, plant biomass, plant height, AGR, CGR at maturity, productive plants m-2, yield and yield components were recorded at 1.8 kg HA ha-1. Furthermore, humic acid at 1.8 kg ha-1 provided higher grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, NUE-AE, NUE-PFP, NAR (30-75 DAS), soil attributes at maize harvest, grain protein and net income, while it resulted in lower SLA and LAR plant-1 at silking. Similarly, 1.8 kg HA ha-1 had earlier 50% tasseling and 50% silking, whereas higher SLA and LAR plant-1 were recorded for control plots of humic xv acid (0 kg HA ha-1). While considering the impact of nitrogen levels, delayed physiological maturity, SFD, higher number of leaves plant-1, leaf dry weight plant-1, leaf area plant-1, LAI, AGR, CGR at silking, plant biomass, plant height, AGR, CGR at maturity, productive plants m-2, yield and yield components, harvest index, NAR (30-75 DAS), soil attributes at maize harvest, grain protein and net income were observed at 240 kg ha-1 N, while it resulted in lower SLA and LAR plant-1 at silking. Similarly, 240 kg ha-1 N application induced earliness in days to 50% tasseling, 50% silking and shortened the ASI. Likewise, higher SLA and LAR plant-1 at silking were calculated at 0 kg ha-1 N. Moreover, higher NUE-AE was achieved at 180 kg ha-1 N while NUE-PFP was higher under 120 kg N ha-1. The integration of humic acid with nitrogen increased the number of days taken by the maize genotypes to attain their physiological maturity, SFD, the number of leaves plant-1, leaf dry weight plant-1, leaf area plant-1, leaf area index, AGR, CGR at silking, plant biomass, plant height, AGR, CGR at maturity, productive plants m-2, yield and yield components, harvest index, NAR (30-75 DAS), soil attributes at maize harvest, grain protein and net income. Moreover, the number of days to emergence, 50% tasseling, 50% silking and ASI were also reduced when the inorganic fertilizer of N was supplemented by humic acid in maize genotypes, with subsequent improvement in their NUE-AE, NUE-PFP. However, the SLA and LAR of maize genotypes exhibited a downward trend with the application of humic acid + N. Thus it is finally concluded that 240 kg N ha-1 + 1.8 kg HA ha-1 along with hybrid maize 55w65 may be used for obtaining higher grain yield and improving soil organic matter status under the agro-climatic conditions of Swabi region on sustainable basis.