مرزا احسان احمد
افسوس ہے کہ ہمارے شہر کے مشہور وکیل اور نامور شاعر مرزا احسان احمد صاحب کا گزشتہ مہینہ انتقال ہوگیا، ان کی صحت عرصہ سے خراب تھی، ادھر کچھ دنوں سے صاحب فراش ہوگئے تھے، ۲۳؍ دسمبر کو وفات پائی، وفات کے وقت ۷۷ سال کی عمر تھی، مرحوم شاعری کے ساتھ اردو کے ادیب و نقاد بھی تھے، ان کا ادبی ذوق بڑا بلند اور پاکیزہ تھا، ان کے کلام اور ادبی مضامین کا مجموعہ شائع ہوچکا ہے، ایک زمانہ میں ان کے اور اقبال احمد خاں صاحب سہیل مرحوم کے دم سے اعظم گڑھ میں شعر و شاعری کا بڑا چرچا تھا، مگر مرحوم جب چشمہ کے ایجنٹ اور بعد میں شاعر کی حیثیت سے اعظم گڑھ آتے تھے تو مرزا صاحب ہی کے یہاں ٹھہرتے تھے، اور شعر و شاعری کی محفل گرم ہوتی تھی، اس میں مولانا عبدالسلام مرحوم پابندی سے اور کبھی کبھی سید صاحبؒ بھی شریک ہوتے تھے، جگر صاحب کے کلام کا پہلا مجموعہ داغ جگر اعظم گڑھ ہی سے شائع ہوا، اس پر مرزا احسان احمد صاحب کا مبسوط مقدمہ ہے اسی سے جگر صاحب کی شہرت کا آغاز ہوا، مرزا صاحب کے گھر میں دارالمصنفین کے تعلقات بڑے گہرے تھے، ان کے بڑے بھائی مرزا سلطان احمد صاحب مرحوم دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے ہمیشہ رکن رہے، ان کے بعد مرزا صاحب منتخب ہوئے، اور اپنی وفات تک رہے، ان کی زندگی بڑی سادہ اور درویشانہ تھی، استطاعت کے باوجود تکلفات سے ہمیشہ بری رہے، طبیعت میں بڑا استغنا تھا ان کا پیشہ ضرور وکالت تھا مگر اس کی طرف ان کا طبعی رجحان نہ تھا، بس بقدر ضرورت ہی وکالت کرتے تھے، اور ادھر دس بارہ سال سے بالکل چھوڑ دی تھی، طبیعت بڑی مرنجان مرنج تھی، کسی کے معاملات اور مقامی سیاست سے...
Seerah is a separate Islamic science from Hadith as their primary sources are different. Although there are some extents where there is over laying between them, but traditionally Seerah has different principles as compared to Hadith. The Scholars of Hadith were very strict in applying their rules whereas the scholars of Seerah were more flexible. The reason is, when academics were dealing with Ahadiths and deducingdivine rulings, they wanted to make sure they were founding the rulings on Ahadiths that were authentic and sound. So that is why they applied very stringent rules to accept Ahadith. However, when it came to Seerah, they were more flexible in their rules, because they study this as history of The Prophet PBUH which does not touch the Sharia rulings. So, we find that writers of Seerah would accept narrations, they would not usually accept if they were dealing with Ahadith. This practice with Seerah narrations was followed by our early scholars. But recently, there is a new movement among some of our researchers that they wanted to apply the rules of Ahadith on Seerah. We do not agree this approach and in this article, we have had a humble effort to compile a set of rules for acceptance of Seerah narrations.
The study sought to explore possibilities whether English can replace Urdu as language of instruction and if it can, to what extent it can be an effectiveness medium of instruction in the teaching of Mathematics at primary level in Pakistan. The aim was to compare English as a language of instruction with Urdu as language of instruction in the teaching and learning of Mathematics to grade 4 class. The other objective was to examine people‘s attitudes towards English as medium of instruction in the teaching and learning generally and for the teaching of Mathematics in particular in Pakistan. A practical teaching experiment was conducte to explore the effectiveness of English as language of instruction for teaching and learning Mathematics at grade 4 level. In addition a descriptive survey research design which used questionnaires and interviews as data collection methods was employed. 640 participants were consulted for this research. Amongst these there were 80 grade 4 learners (used in the teaching experiment), 250 teachers and 250 parents (used for questionnaire) and 60 respondents (for interviews). The data collected was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively resulting in data triangulation for validation. Major findings of the research indicated that the use of Urdu as a medium of instruction in the teaching of Mathematics to primary school children is more realistic and its use impacted positively the teaching of Mathematics as compared to English language. The learners who used Urdu performed better than those who used English as a medium of instruction. However the research further explored that parents preferred English to be the only medium of instruction from primary up to university level as English offers them better opportunities for employment compared to Urdu. The study concluded that Mathematics is a non-linguistic and technical subject. Grasping Mathematical concepts is already difficult for students. The government‘s recent decision (Education Policy 2014) about the conversion of teaching Mathematics from Urdu to English medium from grade 4 class would have a negative effect on students‘ achievement. The study finally recommends that the government should revert the policy of implementing English as a medium of instruction for the teaching and learning of Mathematics at primary level. It also recommends the need for an awareness programme for parents about the importance of indigenous languages for the learners at primary level especially for the teaching of any technical subject such as Mathematics.