اخفائےمعانئ قرآن اوراشتراکِ لفظی جديد

Last revelation namely al- Quran has addressed the human beings in an eloquent way using all types of expressions and diction. The divine method of articulation for holy commandments is miraculous and opts all appealing techniques of communications that also includes use of homographs and metaphors. The word that are spelled the same but have different meaning are called Homographs. The reciter andreader of the Quran faces some difficulty in deciding the meaning of a Homographs used in the Quran that leads to difference of opinions. In the books of Quranic Sciences this term is called Mushtarak al –Lafzi. The article has been aimed to elaborate what is Mushtarak al –Lafzi and what are the impact of vagueness originated from these words of the Quran on Quranic exegesis. Some examples have been produced fromthe books of Quranic Studies regarding its influence on exegetical literature.

Firdawsis Sikandar: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study

This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored leadership by means of assessing the lived experiences of both Firdawsi and Sikandar as given in the Shahnamah. The premise of the study was that leadership is not a fixed or static phenomenon and that leadership study needs to be humanized. Leaders cannot be categorized into the good/bad model. The study focused on two diverse ideas or paradigms as 1) theories of leadership content (what we include or exclude within the leadership framework i.e. all leadership theories/models, effective or destructive) and 2) theories of leadership affect (how historians, writers and individuals view leaders) as these two have been the subjects of investigation in most leadership studies. The author, Firdawsi, wrote about a very well-known and dynamic historic leader, Sikandar, who played a vital role in reshaping not only the history of Persia, but the world. With his conquest of Persia, Sikandar breached the East-West divide.. This study will focus on the story of Sikandar. Though comparisons with the historical Sikandar will be used from time to time, this study is focused on the story of Sikandar from the Persian perspective, namely Firdawsi’s retelling of the story in the Shahnama, a well-known Persian epic which is a lengthy narrative poem. The Shahnama is an epic narrative. Narrative is thus used to transition from ‘knowing into telling’ while the epic narrative of the Shahnamah depicts the exploits of people in high-ranking positions such as kings who are regarded as leaders. Thus in this case five emerging phenomena or themes of Sikandar’s descriptive qualities of leadership according to Firdawsi’s text came to the forefront namely the phenomena of fear, hubris, avarice, valour and magnanimity. Firdawsi’s characteristics of writing also emerged which incorporates his lifeworld existentials namely spatiality, corporeality, temporality and rationality, which formed the reflective process, were also incorporated as the essence of the hermeneutic phenomenological study. Thus Firdawsi’s characteristics of writing about a leader and leadership in general became a focal point. Yet, it was important to fuse this to 21st century models of leadership and the two which could be used, were the narcissistic leadership model and the concept of transformational leadership. In closing, this dissertation reflects on the implications of this leadership study.