Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Role of institutional quality in poverty and inequality reduction in selected Asian countries

Role of institutional quality in poverty and inequality reduction in selected Asian countries

Thesis Info

Author

Fatima Saghir

Supervisor

Faiz-ur-Rahim

Department

Department of Economics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vi, 69

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

MS 338.9 FAR

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723672269

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

اندر کنڈے باہر پھل

اندر کنڈے باہر پھل
تیرے پول گئے نیں کھل
ساڈا وطن ٹھکانہ نہیں
توں نہ ساڈے پچھے رُل
سچ کڑاکے کڈھ دا جد
جندرے جاندے سارے کھل
وٹ عاشق دے کڈھن پئے
پتلے لک دے نال کڑُل
مان حسن دا کرنا کیہ
پونا ایں جد اٹی مُل
نت بناویں یار نویں
تینوں گئے پرانے بُھل
تیریاں اندر یاداں جو
میرا اے سرمایہ کُل

مرزا بیدل: شاعر اخلاق

Mirza Bedil is a famous and well renowned poet of his era and after his era. His poetry has very poetically and lyrically characteristics, thoughts of his poetry also influenced on Urdu and Persian language. Even big poets of Urdu and Persian Ghalib and Iqbal inspired by Bedil’s poetry style and thoughts. Bedil’s poetry has many ethically manners, mystically thoughts, secrets of life and also thoughts of life’s movement to forward. In this article must present the ethically and good manners aspects of Bedil’s poetry, according to life, mystic, God, earth and other aspects of daily life.

The Synthesis of Chiral Compounds of Biological and Synthetic Interest Using Anhydride of L-Tartaric Acid

Chiral protected and deprotected amides were synthesized by using commercially available L-tartaric acid having two asymmetric centers and C2 axis of symmetry. In the synthetic sequence, diacid functionality of L-tartaric acid was protected as dimethyl ester and diol as 1,3-dioxolane. The partial hydrolysis of 1,3-dioxolane dimethyl ester gave the corresponding monoester. Monoester upon treatment with different substituted anilines gave desired amides (2a-2t). Amides (2a-2t) afforded compounds (3a-3t) with the aid of acetyl chloride in methanol. All the compounds were characterized by using sophisticated spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 2g, 2r and 3i were also unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Protected (2a-2l) and deprotected amides (3a-3l) were tested for their antimicrobial activities at different concentrations against different fungal and bacterial strains and were found effective. Monoaryl esters of L-tartaric acid (4a-4h) were prepared and processed further in Fries rearrangement. The structure of compound 4e in the series was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. N-Linked glycopyranosides (10a-10e) and O-Linked glycopyranosides (11a-11e) were synthesized from monoester of L-tartaric acid. The synthesized compounds were confirmed with the aid of spectroscopic techniques. The structure of compound 11c in the series was supported by X-ray analysis. Antileishmanial activity of the glycopyranosyl amides (10a-10e) and glycopyranosides (11a-11e) was assayed which showed moderate to good activities. Synthesis of glycoconjugates (13a-13e) was carried out by using glycopyranosyl α-trichloroacetimidates and dimethyl-L-tartrate. Chiral imides and amides were prepared from diacetyl-L-tartaric acid anhydride and aliphatic, substituted aromatic amines and amino acids. The imides (14g-14m) were subjected for their antifungal and antibacterial activities against different fungal and bacterial strains. All the compounds showed good antifungal and moderate to good antibacterial activities.