اور جہاز پھٹ گیا
پہلی اورآخری بار غلام اسحاق خان اچھا لگا اور جہاز پھٹ گیا کی وجہ سے میری رہائی جو 2009ء میں 25سال بعد ہو نی تھی ۔1988میں ہو گئی ۔
17August1988
ہم لوگ اڈیالہ جیل راولپنڈی میںتھے جیل کی گنتی بند ہو چکی تھی کہ اچانک جیل کے اندر عام قیدیوں کے نعروں کی آواز گو نجنے لگی ۔میں جیل کی ڈیوٹی پر موجود سپاہی سے پوچھا کہ کیا ہوا ہے ۔ اس نے کہا اڑتی اڑتی خبر آئی ہے کہ جنرل ضیاء الحق کا جہاز کریش ہو گیا ہے پاکستانی خبریں تو ہم کم ہی سنتے تھے اس دن ریڈیو لگایا تو جنرل ضیاء الحق کے مرنے کی خبر تھی ۔کانوںکو یقین نہیں آ رہا تھا ۔ مجھے اپنی ماںیاد آ گئی جب میری سزائے موت عمر قید میں تبدیل ہو ئی تو وہ مٹھائی لے کر آئیں میںنے کہا مجھے 25سال سزا ہو ئی ہے وہ بولیں کہ زندگی بچ گئی اب مجھے پتہ ہے کہ جب تک جنرل ضیاہے تم جیل میں ہو ۔ہزاروں مائوں کی سنی گئی ۔دسمبر 88میں محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید کی حکومت بننے کے بعد پاکستان بھر کی جیلوں میں موجود ہزاروں سیاسی قیدی رہا ہوئے وگرنہ میری رہائی مارچ 2009ء میں 25سال بعد ہو نی تھی ۔
This study is descriptive in nature and main focus of this paper is to consult Qur’ān and Ahdiths for understanding the concept of morality. Verses from the Holy Qur’ān and sayings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) are consulted to portray a paramount role of parents and teachers that is played as family and public institutions respectively. Moral values like, good manners, respect, loyalty, truth, altruism, reliability, fairness, cooperation, collaboration, honesty, companionship, decency, acceptance, compliance, love, patience and forgiveness are also studied in the light of Qur’ān and Ahdiths. As an end product, inculcation of moral values in youth by their parents and teachers is also delineated.
This dissertation communicates an explorative endeavor of the ethnobotany and pharmacognosy of folk medicines of Deosai plateau; a cold desert area of 7200km2, mostly located at an elevation of more than 4000m above the sea level. The plateau is an uninhabitable mountainous terrain surrounded by deep valleys covered with snow for almost nine months of the year. A structured questionnaire was used for documentation of folk knowledge regarding native plants used by Deosai associated communities. The localities analyzed for the pharmacognostic exploration included Dass Khirum Nalla, Chilim, Choti Deosai, Barri Deosai, Burzil, Sardar Kothi of District Astore, Gilgit-Baltistan Province, Pakistan. Formal interviews for documenting traditional knowledge regarding folk medicines of the area were gathered from traditional healers, hakeems, shepherds, farmers and forest guards of Deosai National Park. Ethnopharmacognostic of the drugs like texture, fracture, color, size, surface and broken surface features were noted. The plants used in folk remedies were collected from their natural habitats and submitted to Hazara University Herbarium, as future reference. It was observed that 93 plant species belonging to 38 families were used as folk remedies in the inaccessible areas of Deosai for treating diseases like dyspepsia, asthma, coughs, abdominal pain, tonic, expectorant, anathematic, carminative, skin diseases, snakebites, jaundice, diarrhea and dysentery. Folk preparations used for different ailments were documented. Field records in Deosai supported by observations of the community experts revealed that vegetation of the area was generally threatened with the indiscriminate use by the communities and their livestock, which has resulted in extinction pressure on 17 precious medicinal plants, which needs proper location-specific analyses for their rehabilitation/recovery of the species. The trends like uprooting medicinal plants, overgrazing, habitat fragmentation, and habitat loss due to soil erosion and land sliding are threatening plant life. Proper conservation efforts are necessary for sustainable development of plant resources especially medicinal plants for improved livelihood of the far placed communities of Deosai.