DEPRESSION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG PEOPLE HAVING COVID-19 UNDERGONE QUARANTINE

Aims Of Study: Coronavirus is a potentially deadly disease that mostly affects human lung tissue. Multiple cases of unexplained respiratory tract infections were reported to the World Health Organization China in December 2019. The focus of this research was to assess association between depression and PWB in patients who had been isolated due to covid-19. Methodology: A sample of 250 people with covid-19 post quarantine, with age ranges from 25 to 45 were selected by using purposive sampling methods. Depression, anxiety, stress scale and psychological well-being scales were administered. Regression analysis and t-test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Obtained results evidenced that depression is significantly predict psychological health in the covid-19 population [B= -.015, -.019, F (7.915) sig= .000]. Gender difference is also observed in variable of depression also [(4.78) =.030, p.000]. Limitations and future implications: Future research may base on longitudinal analyses focusing on familial and social factors that may influence the psychological well-being of people living in quarantine. Originality: I certify that the intellectual substance of this article is the result of my own effort and that all assistance and sources used in the preparation of this article have been acknowledged. Conclusion: It was concluded that Depression affects people with COVID-19 and PWB after quarantine. future research may focus more on the influence of the interaction between quarantine and adults’ mental health to fully comprehend the link. 

Exploring Grade Ten Students’ Conceptual Understanding and Alternative Conceptions About Photosynthesis: Comparisons Across School System and Gender

Photosynthesis is an important yet a complex concept of school biology. Literature has identified numerous alternative conceptions of students about this aspect of Biology. Keeping in mind the importance of this aspect of life sciences this study aimed to examine grade 10 students’ conceptual understanding and alternative conceptions about photosynthesis with a view to compare it across school system and gender in the city of Gilgit. The study employed cross sectional survey design. A 20-item Conceptual Understanding about Photosynthesis (CUP) test was adopted for the study. The test encompassed six major aspects of photosynthesis (i.e. physiology, energy, biochemical, autotrophy, photosynthesis and respiration, ecology). CUP test was directly administered to randomly selected 204 grade 10 students from public (n =101) and private (n =103) schools of Gilgit. The selected sample represented male (n =102) and female (n = 102) students. Results of the study revealed that students’ overall conceptual understanding about photosynthesis was 53% of the total score (20). However, students’ performance in three aspects of photosynthesis (i.e. ecology, autotrophy, biochemical reaction) was higher than the overall score. Conversely, the students found rest of the three aspects (i.e. energy, photosynthesis and respiration, and physiology) relatively difficult. Furthermore, students from private schools outperformed their counterparts in public schools in overall conceptual understanding about photosynthesis (p<0.001) as well as in the aspects of biochemical (p<0.001), photosynthesis and respiration (p<0.001), and ecology (p<0.001). Moreover, score favored male students in the two aspects including energy (p<0.05) as well as photosynthesis and respiration (p<0.01). Results of the study would have implications for practice, policy and further research.