سورة الكوثر بين الإعجاز البلاغي وتحديات الترجمة

Since the inception of Islam, the translation of Quran’s meanings into other languages has always been an incessant need of the non-Arab Muslims. Although there are contrast views of Muslim scholars about the translatability and untranslatability of Quran into other languages for its innate miraculous meanings, tremendous efforts have been made, throughout the history, to make Quran easy for general public. Urdu is one of those languages in which Quran has been translated since Islam has brightened horizon of the sub-Continent. This research deals with the shortest Surah of Quran that contains plethora of meanings and rhetorical secrets with least letters, words and sentences. The research paper comprises of: Eloquence of al-Kawthar hinting the hidden semantic meanings. The problems of translating this chapter keeping in view to encompass the meanings of semantic eloquence during its translation. The researcher has confined the study to four Urdu Translations:   Translation of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Translation of Sheikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Translation of Sheikh Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi Translation of Sheikh Abdul Majid Derya Abadi). The article deals with highlighting the difference between rhetorical miracles in the Qur’anic text and the shortcomings of its translations in an explanatory table and the research work comes to end with valuable results and suggestions.

Iron Availability in Calcareous Soils

Iron (Fe) is a widely deficient micronutrient in agriculture particularly on alkaline and calcareous soils due to formation of insoluble compounds in soil as well its inactivation in plant body. Several soil-related characteristics may lead to development of Fe chlorosis. Prediction of development of Fe chlorosis on basis of single soil parameter is not easy for perennial crops. To cure Fe deficiencies, right choice of rootstock and efficient Fe sources for soil application need to be explored. The present project was designed to study the different soil Fe forms, soil properties and their relation with citrus leaf Fe. For soil solution Fe studies, Buchner Funnel Technique (BFT) was used to determine water soluble Fe in different soils and Fe buffer power of different soils. Different Fe sources were tested in their ability to provide soluble Fe over period of time. Responses of different citrus rootstock seedling were evaluated in calcareous medium. DTPA-extractable Fe and water soluble Fe though represents the available Fe in soils were found unable to justify the symptoms of Fe chlorosis on citrus leaves in our study. Ferrihydrite Fe oxide is the main source of soil Fe in calcareous soils and controls plant available Fe at each depth. Soil pH was found in inverse relation to leaf active Fe. Water soluble Fe extracted from different soils using BFT revealed that all soils were above the critical level of 1 μM Fe required for mass flow. While comparing different Fe sources, we found organic amendments better than inorganic amendments in their ability to supply Fe over long period of time. Inorganic Fe sources rapidly became insoluble regardless of soil type. Vivianite was found slightly resistant to oxidation as compared to FeSO 4 . Among chelates EDDHA is highly stable as compared to DTPA. Citrus rootstock seedlings responded differently with application of Fe with and without CaCO 3 in growth medium. Rootstocks differed in their ability to take up Fe from CaCO 3 medium and to efficiently utilize Fe. Rough lemon found to be efficient rootstock to cope Fe nutrition disorders