GENDER DIFFERENCE IN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AMONG PATIENT WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background of the Study: LBP is a common condition that can be specific or non-specific. Non-specific LBP, which has no known cause, is responsible for 90% of cases and causes pain in the back from the 12th rib to the inferior gluteal folds. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design in which both males and females completed the Oswestry low back questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 85 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38±9.603. Pain levels varied among patients, with 23 reporting no pain, 29 with light pain, 23 with moderate pain, and 10 with pretty severe pain. Patients had varying degrees of self-care ability with 13 able to care for themselves without triggering pain and 4 requiring daily assistance. Most patients (75 out of 85) had minor disabilities, while 10 had moderate disabilities. The relationship between the ODI score and the question was found to be similar. Conclusion: The data suggest that individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain have only a limited impairment, and only a few suffer from moderate sickness that affects their social lives. Non-specific persistent low back pain is not connected with gender differences in functional impairment.

Ethnobotanical Potential of Medicinal Shrubs in Socioeconomic Uplift of Cholistan Rangeland Dwellers

Rangelands are usually managed for their capability to support livestock but their other plant related benefits are nearly overlooked. Rangelands undoubtedly play an important role in the livelihood of nomadic pastoral communities by supporting their livestock. Wild plants in the rangelands supply food stuff, medicine and fuelwood to the local communities. This study was designed to assess the contribution (ethnobotanical potential) of medicinal shrubs of Cholistan rangeland in socioeconomic uplift of local dwellers. Methodology for conducting this research was consisted of structured and unstructured phases. In unstructured stage, field visits were made and plant specimens were collected. Household surveys were conducted to collect ethnobotanical and socioeconomic information from the inhabitants of sixteen villages. Ethnobotanical data were also collected from medicinal plant experts/traditional herb healers by individual interviews by using well prepared separate questionnaires. Seven most common medicinal shrubs e.g. Calotropis procera, Calligonum polygonoides, Haloxylon recurvum, Capparis decidua, Ziziphus nummularia, Haloxylon salincornicum, and Aerva javanica were selected from the area for ethnobotanical studies. The results revealed that shrubs were usually used as fuelwood and some for fruits, wood (for making parts of agricultural tools), washing cloth and performing religious rituals. Local dwellers used these shrubs in curing thirty diseases but the herbal medicine practitioners enlisted fifty two different diseases cured by these plants in different combinations. For instance, Calotropis procera was used in maximum number of diseases while Capparis decidua and Ziziphus nummularia have more multiple uses. But some uses of these shrubs as medicine were first time recorded during this study. The density/availability of Haloxylon recurvum and Ziziphus nummularia is decreasing in the area due to three major factors i.e over exploitation (over grazing etc.), uncertain rain and agriculture expansion. These selected shrubs has role in socioeconomics of the local people (93.8 %) by providing fodder to livestock (20.9 %), as firewood (23.8 %) and as home remedy (21.3 %). Most of the respondents were of the view that the sale of these shrubs as medicine had great potential which could be enhanced to manifold by installing proper medicinal plant processing units at the local level. This will create more income generating sources in the area. Further, most of the medicinal shrubs are being used in the area only as fuelwood. Local dwellers are familiar with unique medicinal uses and recipes of these shrubs for different ailments. But they are not utilizing them completely. These shrubs were collected from the study area and analyzed in the laboratory for determining different nutritive quality parameters like %N [maximum in Aerva javanica (5.22%)], % crude protein [maximum in Aerva javanica (32.5%)], % CF [maximum in the stem bark of Ziziphus nummularia (39.49%)], % Ash [maximum in Aerva javanica (33.49%)], % EEF [maximum in leaves of Calotropis procera (7.61%)], % P [maximum in the roots of Calligonum polygonoides (0.062%)], % K [maximum in Haloxylon recurvum (4.51%)] and % NFE [maximum in the flower of Capparis decidua (69.46%)]. Secondary metabolites like total phenolic [maximum in the fruits of Ziziphus nummularia (4.12 mg/0.1gm)], Total flavonoids [maximum in stem bark of Ziziphus nummularia (0.48 mg/0.1gm)] and Alkaloids [maximum in Aerva javanica (0.17 mg/0.5gm) were also recorded. Presence of secondary metabolites testified the medicinal role of these selected shrubs.