حضرت خدیجہؓ سے شادی اور ان کا کاروبار
اعتراض نمبر۹۰
جب آپ ؐ جوان ہوگئے اور مضبوط ہوگئے( آپ کے پاس زیادہ مال نہ تھا) سیدہ خدیجہؓ نے آپﷺ کو تجارت کے لیے اجرت پر بلالیا۔۔اور حضور ؐ کے ساتھ ایک اور آدمی کو اجرت پر رکھ لیا‘‘ ( اردو ترجمہ دلائل نبوہ ۱۔۶۴۔۔ ابوبکر احمد بن الحسین بیہقی)
’ تاریخی کتب سے یہ تاثر ابھرتا ہے کہ نبی مکرمﷺ کو سیدہ خدیجہؓ نے گویا اپنا ملازم یا تجارتی کارندہ مقرر کیا تھا‘‘ ( سیرت اعلان نبوت سے پہلے۔۲۹۵۔۲۹۴)
جواب:صاحب ضیا النبی( ۔۲۔۲۱۷) لکھتے ہیں کہ آپ( خدیجہ) اپنے نمائندوں کو سامان تجارت دے کر روانہ کرتیں‘ جو آپ کی طرف سے کاروبار کرتے۔ اس کی دو صورتیں تھیں ۔
اول: یا تو ملازم ہوتے، ان کی اجرت یا تنخواہ مقرر ہوتی جو انھیں دی جاتی‘ نفع و نقصان سے انھیں کوئی سروکار نہ تھا۔
دوم: یا نفع میں ان کا کوئی حصہ ،نصف یا چہارم مقرر کر دیا جاتا۔ اگر نفع ہوتا تو وہ اپنا حصہ لے لیتے ۔بصورت دیگر یعنی نقصان کی صورت میں ساری ذمہ داری خدیجہؓ پر عائد ہوتی ‘ اس کو شریعت میں’’ عقد مضاربہ‘‘ کہتے ہیں۔ آنحضرت ایک خود مختار اور خوش حال تاجر تھے۔ آپ نے کسی تاجر کی ملازمت کبھی اختیار نہیں کی تھی‘ ڈاکٹر تحسین فراقی نے کتاب کے تعارف میں لکھا ’’ ایک عام تاثر یہ پایا جاتا ہے کہ حضرت خدیجہ نے حضورؐ کو اپنا ملازم یا تجارتی کارندہ مقرر کیا تھا۔حالانکہ حقیقت یہ ہے کہ حضرت خدیجہ ؓ سے نکاح سے بہت پہلے آپؐ خود مختار اور خوش حال تاجر کے طور پر معروف ہو چکے تھے اور اس ذیل میں قیس بن السائب کی روایت استناد کا درجہ رکھتی ہے۔
ایک اور روایت:ابو طالب نے اپنے بھتیجے سے کہا ’’ میں...
Abstract Pakistan has celebrated seven decades of independence but misfortunately the nation is still divided into several ideologies, believes, ethnicities, regionalism, provincialism, political and social classes. Throughout the world, education plays a significant role in nation building but the terrible upshot in Pakistan is the division of nation in the field of education and learning. There are numerous umbrellas under which our educational system is running. Therefore, current study objects to measure educational stratification and its effect on nation building process in Pakistan. In this regard, this research mainly focuses on four major prevailing educational systems such as; privately managed schools, public schools, army public schools and madarsa (religious educational institution). Data were collected through focus group discussions and analyzed by applying grounded approach theory. Four major themes emerged after data examination. These are uniformity of curricular, equal opportunities, political and bureaucratic involvement and lack of moral education. Study finds that education system is badly lacking in uniform ideology and moral learning. Furthermore, the poor system of education is negatively affecting nation building in Pakistan by enhancing public distrust, discrimination and regionalism. The results of the present study may be helpful in finding the way for uniform educational system which provide learning opportunities to every child without thinking of their caste, religion, language, economic class, political affiliation and ethnicity.
Islam is the final religion of Allah Almighty and it is meant to guide all the people of all the times till the Day of Judgment. In order to implement this message of guidance in this world and to give it a practical shape Allah Almighty sent Prophet Muḥammad ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) who conveyed this message to the people with the help of great wisdom and excellent advice and establish a society on the basis of this message. The Sīrah of Prophet Muḥammad ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) provides such rules and regulations which are helpful in addressing the needs of individuals and society of all times and ages. Although the world has been changing ever since its creation, yet the pace of change in the last one hundred years or so has been the most rapid ever. The effects of these changes were beyond the limitations of time and region and therefore they directly affected the Muslim world as well. Muslim scholars did not ignore these changes but realized their responsibilities and wrote such books of Sīrah which provided guidance in connection with these rapid changes and conditions. This research has highlighted various approaches and trends of Sῑrah writing with a special reference to Muslim international law. This research has elaborated the basis of international laws of the West and Muslim international law. The inception of Muslim international law and modern international law, their origins, their sources, their basic principles, their histories and their validities were highlighted. The study has given a detailed comparison between both the laws. The study has compared and analyzed the selected prominent books of Sīrah. The books written on Sīrah in twentieth century contain detailed discussions on various issues of international law. This research has discussed the following issues: as the concept of state in Islam, the rules and regulations for the relationship with the Non- Muslims, the Non-Muslims citizens of an Islamic State, Jizyah, impartiality and the ideas of peaceful mutual existence, injunctions of war and reconciliation with Non-Muslims, the treaties, the rights of the war prisoners, the Islamic concept of Jihād, and the international conflicts etc. The opinions of the authors of the selected prominent books have been compiled in this research and a comparative and analytical study of these opinions has also been conducted.