شعیب قریشی
مسٹر شعیب قریشی علی گڑھ اورآکسفورڈ کے تعلیم یافتہ تھے۔انگریزی انشاء و اخبار نویسی کاخاص سلیقہ اورملکہ رکھتے تھے، ایک زمانہ میں اُن کے اس وصف و کمال کی دھوم تھی۔تحریک خلافت میں علی برادران کے ساتھ رہے۔اسی تعلق سے جس سال مکہ معظمہ میں عالم اسلام کی موتمر ہوئی ہے۔وفد خلافت کے ساتھ یہ بھی اُس میں شرکت کرنے اور اس بہانے حج و زیارت حرمین شریفین سے مشرف ہونے حجاز مقدس گئے تھے اور اسی زمانہ میں راقم الحروف نے ایک رفیق سفرطالب علم کی حیثیت سے مرحوم کوبہت قریب سے دیکھا اوراُن کے علمی وادبی کمالات، دینی ذوق وشوق اوراخلاقی اوصاف سے متاثر ہواتھا۔پہلے درویشی و قلندری کی زندگی بسر کرتے تھے۔پھرریاست بھوپال میں وزارت کے عہدہ پر فائز ہوکر رئیسانہ جاہ وحشم سے رہنے لگے تھے۔آزادی کے بعد پاکستان میں متعدد ممتاز اوربلند عہدوں پررہے اورآخر میں سب چیزوں سے الگ تھلگ ہو کر کئی ماہ کی سخت اورصبرآزما علالت کے بعد ایک شفاخانہ میں جان جان آفریں کو سپردکرکے دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے۔مولانا محمد علی ؒکے دامادتھے۔اس رشتہ کی وجہ سے مولانا کے ارادت مند اورہندومسلم دیرینہ رفقائے کار واحباب مرحوم کواپنا عزیز سمجھتے اورمرحوم بھی بربنائے وضعداری ان سب کے ساتھ اُسی طرح برتاؤ کرتے اور تعلق رکھتے تھے۔ چنانچہ جس زمانہ میں وہ پاکستان کے ہائی کمشنر کی حیثیت سے نئی دہلی میں مقیم تھے وہاں کی سوشل زندگی میں یہ خاص بات بڑی نمایاں تھی۔غفرلہ اﷲ ورحمہ [اپریل۱۹۶۲ء]
This article is an attempt to elaborate the phenomenon of equilibrium prevailing everywhere in the microcosmic and macrocosmic systems associated with universal stability and rhythm. It has been accentuated what is beautifully illuminated in the beginning verses of Sūrah Al-Rahmān successively regarding balance that invites one’s thought towards the well controlled cosmic system as well as with the concept of balance by means of different manners as identified by exegetes and scholars concerning daily life i.e. From simple and common to that of complex issues and intricacies. Qualitative method has been employed for this research while some aspects have also been handled in accordance with quantitative approach. Article also emphasized the series of cause and effect nexus may be declared as self explanatory episode an indication towards a Supreme Force whose widespread control and interference can’t be denied rationally. Sūrah beautifully pictured the physical and metaphysical sketch of balance having many dimensions from man to universe and vice versa as well as from both towards Ultimate Reality whose dominion is limitless where one has to follow peaceful living and to put oneself aside indulging any disruption from ordinary clash to that of nuclear war to be waged.
In numerous studies conducted during last four decades, information on changes in morphological and physiological responses of cotton plant grown on alkaline calcareous soils under various nitrogen levels and moisture stresses at different growth stages was lacking. This study was executed to test the hypothesis whether moisture stress at certain growth stages of cotton may help to save irrigation water and nitrogen in certain genotypes without significant yield and fibre quality losses as compared to well water application coupled with higher levels of nitrogen. The objectives were also to investigate the impact of nitrogen and moisture stress interaction on plant growth, rooting pattern, dry matter partitioning, seed cotton yield, and fibre quality of cotton. Field and a glasshouse experiments were conducted (2008-12) at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad. In field experiments RCBD split-split plot design was used. Factors were: Genotypes (V), moisture stresses (I), and nitrogen (N). Genotypes (main plots) with three treatments were; V1 = NIAB-846, V2 = NIAB-824, and V3 = CIM-496; I (split plot) treatments were; I1 = local control (LC), eight irrigations as recommended locally, I2 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation stage (MSI), I3 = moisture stress at vegetative growth stage (MSV), and I4 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation and vegetative growth stage (MSI + MSV); and N levels (split-split plots) were; N1 = 50 kg ha-1, N2 = 100 kg ha-1, N3 = 150 kg ha-1. In glasshouse experiment CRD design was used with genotypes, moisture stress, and nitrogen factors: moisture stress treatments were; S1 = control, (water application (50% ASMDL); S2 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation stage (80% ASMDL, (MSI); S3 = moisture stress at vegetative growth stage at 80% ASMDL, (MSV); S4 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation and vegetative growth stage at 80% ASMDL, (MSI+MSV); nitrogen levels; N1 = 25 mg kg-1 of soil, N2 = 50 mg kg-1 of soil, and N3 = 75 mg kg-1 of soil, and genotypes were; V1 = NIAB-846, and V2 = CIM-496. Agronomic, physiological, growth, and fibre quality traits of cotton were significantly affected by interaction effects. During 2008, highest seed cotton yield (SCY) of 5709 kg ha-1 was achieved by I3 × N3 × V2 treatment, followed by 5634 kg ha-1 SCY by I1 × N1 × V2. In NIAB-846, highest SCY (5469 kg ha-1) was obtained by I1 × N3 × V1 treatment and 4843 kg ha-1 SCY in I3 × N2 × V1 treatment. In CIM-496, highest SCY of 5296 kg ha-1 was achieved in I2 × N2 × V3 treatment. During 2009, NIAB-846 gave greater SCY of 4871 kg ha-1 by I3 × N3 × V1 followed by 4798 kg ha-1 by I1 × N1 × V1 treatment. NIAB-824 produced highest SCY, 4853 kg ha-1, by I3 × N1 × V2. In CIM-496 highest SCY was obtained by I1 × N3 × V3 and I3 × N2 × V3 treatments. In glass-house experiment, highest SCY plant-1 by S2 × N1 × V1 and S3 × N1 × V1 was obtained as 118 and 115 g plant-1. Economic analysis of interaction effects indicate maximum net benefit and benefit cost ratios in; NIAB-846 that may save 66% N and 12.5% irrigation water, NIAB-824 can save 12.5% irrigation water with 150 kg N ha-1, and CIM-496 may save 33% N and 12.5% irrigation water as compared to the traditionally recommended N and irrigation amounts for cotton production in Pakistan.