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Low frequency electromagnetic waves in dense pair plasmas

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ilyas

Supervisor

Zafer Wazir

Department

Department of Physics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vii,96

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

MS 530.44 MUL

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723815480

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سفر طائف

سفرِ طائف:
اللہ تعالیٰ نے حکم دیا کہ ’’ وَ اَ نِذِ ر عَشِیرَ تَکَ الا َ قّرَبِینَ اپنے قریبی رشتہ داروں کو اسلام کی دعوت دو‘‘ اور یہ بھی فرمایا وَتَوَ کلَ ّعَلیٰ العَزیزِ اِلرَّ حِیمِ ’’ بھروسہ کرو خدا قادر و رحیم پر اَلَّذِی یَرَ ک حِینَ تَقُومُ جو تم کو دیکھتا رہتا ہے‘ جب تم کھڑے ہوتے ہو وَتَقَلُّبِکَ فِی السَّجِدِینَ اور نمازیوں کے ساتھ تمھاری نشست و بر خاست کو وہ دیکھتا رہتا ہے‘‘ (الشعرائ۔۲۱۷۔۲۱۸)۔ جب مکہ کی فضا مزید بگڑتی ہے۔ظلم و ستم اور جبر و تشدد میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے تو آپؐ کارِ تبلیغ کو جاری رکھنے کے لیے طائف کو منتخب کرتے ہیں۔ طائف مکہ مکرمہ سے ساٹھ میل دور مشرق کی طرف واقع ہے۔ پہاڑی علاقہ مگر سر سبز و شاداب ہے۔قدرتی چشمے اور قسم قسم کے پھلوں اور میووں کے باغات ہیں۔ سرولیم میور یورپ کے متعدد سیاحوں کے اقوال طائف اور اس کے میووں، پھلوں ، خصوصاََ انگوروں اور گلاب کے پھولوں کی تعریف میں نقل کرتا ہے۔آپؐ مکہ سے طائف کا سفر پیدل کرتے ہیں۔ آپ ﷺکے ساتھ آپ کا آزاد کردہ غلام سیدنا زید بن حارثہؓ ہیں۔راستہ کٹھن ہے مگر راستے میں قبائل کو اسلام کی دعوت دیتے جاتے ہیں۔ قبیلہ بنو بکر کے ہاں جاتے ہیں لیکن وہ ٹھہرنے نہیں دیتے۔قبیلہ قطحان والے بھی بد سلوکی سے پیش آتے ہیں۔ بالآخر آپؐ طائف کا عزم کرتے ہیں۔دس روز قیام کیا۔بنو ثقیف کے سرداروں نے نا روا سلوک کیا۔آپؐ نے ایسے سڑے گلے اور روکھے پھیکے جواب ہی نہیں سنے بل کہ یہ سردارا ن اوباش اور آوارہ لڑکوں کو پیچھے لگا دیتے ہیں۔وہ تالیاں بجاتے،گالیاں دیتے،آوازے کستے حتیٰ کہ پتھروں کی بارش کردیتے ہیں۔ ان پتھروں سے آپ لہو لہان ہو گئے۔ آپﷺ کے نعلین مبارک خون سے بھر گئے۔آپؐ کا غلام پتھروں...

Strategic Flexibility and its Impact on Raising the Performance of Banks

Strategic issues are the core of the work of business organizations and occupy the main pillar of the work of commercial banks, whose fields of work and their competitive environment have developed. Strategic flexibility has become an urgent and binding issue for the commercial banking sector to keep pace with environmental changes and developments and raise the performance of banks to keep pace with environmental developments. The research aims to delve into two very important variables by doing The commercial banking sector, which is flexibility   The strategy and performance of the banks. Six commercial banks were chosen to be happy with the research (Baghdad, Iraqi investment, Gulf, investment development, Al-Mansour, Babylon). A member of bank managers, people's officials, and accountants in commercial banks. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by applying the statistical program (spss). The results demonstrated an impact on the overall level of the two variables. The study (strategic flexibility, bank performance) The findings revealed the existence of relationships between (banking service flexibility, competitive flexibility, investment flexibility, and human resource flexibility). And bank performance at the sub-dimension level (financial dimension, customer dimension, internal operations dimension, education and growth dimension). The study came to a set of conclusions and suggestions. 

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Selected Macrofungi in Northern Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Present study dealt with morphological and molecular characterization of macrofungi in northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This region represents floristically a rich part of Pakistan comprising well-known mountainous ranges of Himalaya and Hindu Kush, but a very few macrofungal surveys have been conducted so far. The present study was therefore endeavored to report some macrofungal species occurring in woodland and forest ecosystems of Northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Field surveys and collections of specimens were carried out at different sites of the study area during the years 2013‒2016. For collections, drying, preservation, micro-morphological and molecular characterization of the collected specimens, standard protocols were used. A total of 88 species belonging to 30 families and 57 genera are being reported and described in detail, of which 75 species belong to Basidiomycota and 11 to Ascomycota. Identity of 59 species was confirmed through molecular data inferred from nITS region. Out of the described species more than thirty percent showed their novelty. Albatrellus roseus, Amanita griseofusca, Clavariadelphus elongates, Descolea quercina, Gymnopilus swaticus and Phaeocollybia pakistanica have been published as new species and 25 other species are proposed as new to science including: Albatrellopsis flettiodes nom.prov., Amanita ahmadii nom.prov., A. cinerea nom.prov., Butyriboletus pakistanicus nom.prov., Caloboletus alpinus nom.prov., Cortinarius clavatus nom.prov., C. longistipes nom.prov., C. striatus nom.prov., Inocybe pallidorimosa nom.prov., I. salicetum nom.prov., Lactarius furcatilamellatus nom.prov., L. maireiodes nom.prov., Leucoagaricus campestris nom.prov., Lycoperdon microsporon nom.prov., Oudemansiella sparslamellata nom.prov., Phaeocollybia varicolor nom.prov., Pholiota microcarpa nom.prov., Pluteus iii populicola nom.prov., Pterula bisporitica nom.prov., Rhodocybe luteus nom.prov., Russula similis nom.prov., Tricholoma conicosulphureum nom.prov., Tricholomopsis robustus nom.prov., T. umbonatus nom.prov. and Veloporphyrellus purpureus nom.prov. Furthermore, 28 species are new records for Pakistani mycobiota viz., Agrocybe elatella, Amanita pallidorosea, Caloscypha fulgens, Coltricia abieticola, Coriolopsis gallica, Gymnopilus penetrans, Gymnopus dysodes, Hebeloma rostratum, Helvella leucopus, H. macropus, H. maculata, H. solitaria, Hericium cirrhatum, Inocybe putilla, Jahnoporus oreinus, Lactarius mediterraneensis, L. pterosporus, Lactifluus versiformis, L. volemus, Lanmaoa angustispora., Lepista panaeolus, Leucopaxillus giganteus, Russula kangchenjungae, R. olivacea, R. postiana, Verpa conica, Volvariella hypopithys and Volvopluteus earlei. Of these Amanita pallidorosea and lactifluus volemus have been published. Genera including Albatrellopsis, Albatrellus, Butyriboletus, Caloboletus, Caloscypha, Jahnoprus, Lanmaoa, Phaeocollybia, Pterula, Veloporphyrellus and Volvopluteus are addition to the fungi of Pakistan. The most abundant and diverse family was Russulaceae with 11 species distributed among 3 genera, followed by Agaricacea, Amanitaceae and Tricholomataceae with 7 species each. Boletaceae, Helvellaceae and Hymenogastraceae are represented by 6 species each. Results of the study reveals that northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are rich in terms of macrofungi and there may be many other species awaiting documentation. This study therefore recommends further and in-depth surveys on exploration of macrofungi in woodland and forest ecosystems of the Northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular iv and other parts of Pakistan in general. Published work form present PhD project is listed as annexure-A.