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Intelligent power monitoring and control system using zigbee

Thesis Info

Author

Danish Naveed

Supervisor

Adeel Jadoon

Department

Department of Electronic Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

viii,

Subject

Electronic Engineering

Language

English

Other

BS 005.74 DAI

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723816884

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میر عثمان علی خاں [نظام حیدرآباد ]

میرعثمان علی خاں نظام حیدرآباد
افسوس ہے گزشتہ ماہ کی ۲۴؍ کومیر عثمان علی خاں نظام حیدآباد کاانتقال ہوگیا۔ وہ ۱۸۸۶ء میں پیدا ہوئے تھے اوران کے جدّامجد نے جو ریاست ۱۷۱۳ء میں قائم کی تھی اس کے ساتویں فرماں رواتھے۔ یہ ریاست توانقلابِ روزگار اور حوادثِ ایام کے بہت سے مرحلوں سے گزرتی ہوئی ۱۹۵۶ء میں ختم ہوگئی تھی۔ نظام ’داغ فراق صحبت شب کی جلی ہوئی اک شمعـ‘ کی حیثیت سے اس ریاست کی یادگار تھے۔اب یہ یادگار بھی مٹ گئی ۔سدا رہے نام اﷲ کا۔
مرحوم بحیثیت فرماں روا کے اور بحیثیت انسان کے بھی بڑی خوبیوں اور اوصاف وکمالات کے مالک تھے۔ان کے عہد میں ریاست نے ہر شعبہ میں غیرمعمولی ترقی کی علی الخصوص تعلیم اور علوم اسلامیہ کی نشرواشاعت اوراسلامی تہذیب و ثقافت کی سر پرستی میں انھوں نے جو عظیم الشان کارنامے عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی، دائرۃ المعارف اوردارالترجمہ کی صورت میں انجام دئیے ہیں انہوں نے بغداد کی خلافت عباسیہ کی یادتازہ کردی اور ہندوستان میں اسلامی ثقافت کا کوئی مورّخ انہیں نظر انداز نہیں کرسکتا۔ ان کا ابرکرم حیدرآباد سے باہر ہندوستان کے مختلف گوشوں پر بھی برستا رہا اور عرب وحجاز کی سرزمین پر بھی قطرہ افشاں ہوا۔ انہوں نے حیدرآباد کوایک خاص قسم کا کلچر دیا جوبڑا حسین اوردل نواز تھا اور جس کی مٹی مٹائی کچھ یادگاریں اب بھی وہاں نظر آسکتی ہیں۔ ان کی شخصیت عجیب و غریب قسم کی مجموعہ اضداداور اسی بناپرایک طلسم تھی۔ ایک طرف وہ دنیا کے سب سے بڑے دولتمند مشہور تھے اور قومی وتہذیبی معاملات میں نہایت فیاض اور سخی۔ لیکن دوسری جانب جہاں تک ذاتی اور نجی اخراجات کاتعلق ہے وہ اس درجہ سادہ اور کفایت شعار تھے کہ اس کے عجیب وغریب قصے اور کہانیاں زبان زد عوام و خواص تھے۔اردو اور فارسی میں مشغلہ ٔ شعر گوئی...

پاكستان مدرسہ ایجوكیشن بورڈ اور علماء كے تحفظات

The ultimate goal of an education system is to produce a better citizen and create a better society. In this regard, it is the responsibility of state to design its education system on sound grounds. In Pakistan, there is dual education system, modern education system and traditional Madrasah system. Modern education system prepares its students on the bases of western education pattern while Maddris develop their students in the light of their own respective schools of thought. Thus, the two educational systems are producing two different categories of graduates, leading to imbalance and intodlerance in the society. To bridge this gap between the two systems and to make the education system harmonious, the government has passed “Pakistan Madrasa ‘h Education Board Ordinance ". Three model Maddris have been set up as a pilot project in Karachi and Sakkar for boys and in Islamabadfor girls. It was supposed to be extended in other cities as well but due to the reservations of Ulamd ' and their bitter opposition, the process did not get due attention among the public. In this paper, the authors will try to bring out the Ulamd’s reservations on "Pakistan Madrasah Education Board” in order to bringforth the policy suggestionsfor the betterment of the program.

Detection, Molecular Analysis and Expressional Studies of Local Vi Negative Strains of Salmonella Typhi

Typhoid is one of the most common infectious diseases in the developing countries especially in South Asian region including Pakistan. It is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, an exclusively human pathogen. The virulence of S. Typhi is attributed to the Vi capsular antigen. The synthesis and transportation proteins of the Vi capsular polysaccharide of S. Typhi are encoded by the viaB operon, which resides on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as SPI-7. In recent years, Vi-negative strains of S. Typhi have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic. However, because Vi negativity can arise during in vitro passage, the clinical significance of Vi-negative S.Typhi is not clear. To investigate the loss of Vi expression at the genetic level, 60 stored strains of serovar Typhi from the Faisalabad region of Pakistan were analyzed by PCR for the presence of SPI-7 and two genes essential for Vi production: tviA and tviB. Nine of the sixty strains analyzed (15%) tested negative for both tviA and tviB; only two of these strains lacked SPI-7. In order to investigate whether this phenomenon occurred in vivo, blood samples from patients with the clinical symptoms of typhoid fever were also investigated. Of 48 blood samples tested, 42 tested positive by fliC PCR for serovar Typhi; 4 of these were negative for tviA and tviB. Three of these samples tested positive for SPI-7. These results demonstrate that viaB-negative, SPI-7-positive S. Typhi is naturally occurring and can be detected by PCR in the peripheral blood of typhoid patients in this region. The method described here can be used to monitor the incidence of Vi-negative serovar Typhi in regions where the Vi vaccine is used. The infectivity of Vi negative and Vi positive strains was tested using HeLa cell monolayers and compared the disease producing potential of the variant strains of S. Typhi. No difference was observed in ability of Vi negative and Vi positive strains to invade HeLa cell monolayer. Drug resistance pattern of Vi positive and Vi negative strains of S. Typhi was compared and no significant difference in the resistance against antibiotics of both variants of the pathogen was observed indicating that Vi negative S. Typhi strains are at par with their Vi positive counterparts as far as resistance to antimicrobials is concerned.