شری مشرو والا
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ گاندھی جی کے مشہور چیلے شری مشرو والا نے انتقال کیا، وہ ہریجن کے اڈیٹر اور گاندھی جی کے مشن کے سچے حامل و مبلغ تھے اور اس زمانہ میں جب کہ کانگریس اپنے اصولوں سے عملاً بالکل ہٹ گئی ہے اور کانگریسیوں کی اکثریت اقتدار کی ہوس، ذاتی اغراض اور فرقہ پرستی میں مبتلا ہے اور فرقہ پرستوں اور خود غرضوں کی قوت اتنی بڑھ گئی ہے کہ سچے کانگریسی بھی مشکل سے ان کے مقابلہ میں زبان کھولنے کی جرأت کرسکتے ہیں، مشرووالاجی اپنے اصولوں پر قائم تھے اور آخر دم تک نہایت دلیری کے ساتھ گانگریس کی غلط روی پر تنقید اور گاندھی جی کے اصولوں کی تبلیغ و اشاعت کا فرض انجام دیتے رہے انھوں نے ان کی تعلیمات پر متعدد کتابیں لکھی ہیں، اس خود غرضی اور فرقہ پرستی کے دور میں ایسے مخلص اور سچے کانگریسی کا اٹھ جانا ایک ناقابل تلافی نقصان ہے، ان کی موت سے متحدہ قومیت کا ایک بڑا ستون گرگیا، جس کی جگہ مدتوں نہ بھر سکے گی۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۵۲ء)
This qualitative study employs Communities of Practice (Lave& Wenger, 1991) framework to map out how female learner identity is built and negotiated within Post-colonial Pakistan. The study traces out the ongoing identity struggles of young Pakistani female ESL learners at The Institute of English Language and Literature (IELL), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, from a broadly poststructuralist perspective. Data analysis and interpretation were guided by CoP framework which views learner as essentially part and parcel of the learning environment within which learning takes places. The data revealed a complex picture of Female English Language Learner Identity (FELLI), as diverse subject positions emerged while the participants developed a sense of alignment with different CoP and displaying acts of resistance to counter discrimination. Higher education appeared as a site of identity negotiation and transition into new CoP for the participants. The participants demonstrated signs of social, linguistic and academic participation in as participating members of academic CoP.
Solar insolation models have been extensively reviewed for Quetta, Pakistan. The correlations a/ suggestÿ by Klein are found suitable for global solar radiations at Quetta and that Quetta on an average receives 763 Jo|les/nf/sec. Estimation of monthly daily diffuse radiation although found quite reliable needs further investigations. We found reliable estimates for both global solar and diffused solar radiations using sunshine hours. The 60 tilt surface of flat plate collector facing south receives about 1.7 to 2.0 times the maximum irradiation on a surface with a tilt equal to latitude at Quetta, especially in summer, whereas maximum solar energy round the year is received for the same tilt angle. The other tilt angles of a flat plate collector are also found suitable to intercept both global and in particular, maximum diffuse solar radiations provided declination angles and solar trackings are adjusted. For thermal performance of building designs, the use of transparent insulation (Tl) at Quetta particularly in a LEGIS south facade is recommended. Qur analysis on the use of a two-axis tracking flat plate collector is found in agreement with estimates of solar radiations. We suggested architectural design of buildings and residences at Quetta from view point of using both active and passive solar heating/cooling systems and with environmental and climatic considerations. We recommend installations of prototype solar heating and cooling systems for experimental Verification of our estimated values of solar radiations and that the monitoring of their operational modes is as essential as architectural designing of buildings itself. Duirnel variations of solar radiations have a significant affect as heat transfer and thermal performance of building designs.