حلالہ اور مروجہ حلالہ سنٹرز: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Almighty Allah made marriage a source of affection and love among the human beings. He also ordered to uphold this relation as much as possible. If, on one way or the other the relationship of a couple becomes so unpleasant that their family life becomes impossible to move any more further. In this case the Islamic “Sharia’h” recommends opening of the ways for their respectable separation in the shapes of “Divorce” and “Khula’a” (divorce obtained on wife’s initiative, s). Though Islamic sharia’h has declared “Divorce” as legal act, yet marriage being a great sacred relation which is desired to be retained intact to the maximum, it has been named as the most unpleasant among the permissible acts in Islam. Some human beings very abruptly break the same relation (Nikah) without proper consideration. Some of these persons later on repent on what they have done. Allah Almighty  therefore, very affectionately has allowed men after uttering two times the words, ‘Divorcee (Talaq) at different times to reconcile with their wives. But if he disrespecting this great relation stress-passes the final time and utters the word “Divorce” (Talaq) for the third time in his life so the religion has fixed certain punishment for his this very irresponsible act as a punishment that though, both spouses may agree to continue their married life, Islam does not allow them to do so, prior to undergoing the process of re-marrying  the woman with another person to fulfill the condition of her reunion with her first husband. This process is called “Halala”  In the article under reference side by side with presenting the literal meaning and idiomatic definitions of Halala, its Shari status has also been elaborated. Efforts  have been intensified to recollect the different views of all jurists  regarding this practice and examine the same analytically. In addition to that with the help of irrefutable proofs, the adverse effects of the so called “Halala, s centers” have been proved to warn the people to stay away from them.

Assessing Cultural Distortion in the Wake of Counter-Terrorism Strategies and the Growing Radicalization in the Pakhtun Society

This study critically evaluates the performance of existing states responses such as Pakistan and United States against terrorism in the Pakhtun tribal society. It is reflected that forceful responses of states or excessive use of force against terrorism does not recourse to Pakhtun culture. Emphasis on the excessive use of force against terrorism caused damaged to Pakhtuns socio-cultural institutions. Resultantly, Pakhtuns cultural distortion also created the problem of socio-political order in the tribal belt of Pakistan. It is also revealed that collateral damages led to the perception of injustice and suppression which badly affected the performance of Pakistan against terrorism in this region. Collateral damages as a result of current counter-terrorism strategies also provoke Pakhtuns cultural traits revenge (badal) and resistance against the state forces. Research probes that Pakhtuns resistance and their cultural distortion and collateral damage further reinforces the process of radicalization. This study argues that states responses against terrorism in Pakhtun tribal society further increased their susceptibility towards radicalization. Lastly, the research concludes by offering non-kinetic approach to curb terrorism in the region. It is analyzed that growing radicalization can be reduced to preserve the socio-cultural institution of Pakhtun society and resolve the socio-economic and political problems of the region through culturally recourse counter-terrorism strategies.