پاکستانی دستور میں حکمرانوں کا تصور استحقاق اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

Constitution is the basic code of every state system. There are laws for state administration, discipline and rulers in constitution. There are some privileges for the rulers in the Pakistani constitution. Among the privileges that Pakistani rulers have, laws of exception, protocol and luxury packages or facilities are included. In Pakistani constitution, the rulers also enjoy these privileges and according to the rules and regulation of parliament and senate. Our Constitution does not provide Parliamentarians any specific immunity against criminal actions as has been granted to the President as well as the Prime Minster. The only specific protection enjoyed by a Minister/Prime Minister is for official actions under powers of their office. The right of lessen or amendment in Sharīʻah penalty of the President of Pakistan is not right according to the Islamic Sharīʻah. But he can utilize honorary rights in criminological penalty. The Governor has the authority to dissolve the Provincial Assembly under certain circumstances during the emergency situation. If the ruler uses the option of freedom of opinion with deception, dishonesty and contempt of court then he should also be answerable. Sometimes rulers misuse their privileges and even exceed their powers. Discretionary options of the rulers must be under public interests. Such privilege rules must be amended which reflect inequality between rulers and masses. It is necessary to put the honorary rights of rulers under logic and there must be a law of behold for the unlawful usage of authority, so that the bad utilization of these laws can be prevented. Such reserved rights must be amended which enhance the concept of un-equity between the rulers and public. For the better administration harmony among the public and administration is necessary. In this research paper we will analyze the concept and importance of privileges mentioned in the Constitution of Pakistan in the light of Islamic teachings.

Comparison of Multi-Grade Teaching With Mono-Grade Teaching at Primary Level

Multi-grade teaching is a situation where a single teacher is incharge of more than one grade levels at a time in one classroom. In multi-grade classrooms in Pakistan, children of varying ages sit together in one classroom and are simultaneously taught the same subject material. Multi-grade teaching can be compared with its counterpart mono-grade teaching where classrooms are pre-arranged grade wise. The study was aimed at comparing multi-grade teaching with mono-grade teaching at primary level. The major objectives of the study were: (1) To investigate the effect of multi-grade strategy on the performance of primary school children in the subject of English; (2) To compare multi-grade teaching strategy with mono-grade teaching strategy at primary level;