3 ستمبر 1924 ء کو منظر عام پر آنے والا یہ اردو کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ اس میں تقریباً چوبیس سال تک کا کلام موجود ہے۔ اقبال اردو کلام کی اشاعت کے حق میں نہ تھے۔ ایک صاحب نے شوق میں یہ کام کر بھی دیا تو اقبال نے قانونی طور پر پابندی عائد کروادی۔ اس کے بعد خود توجہ دی۔ بہت سا حصہ حذف کر دیا۔ اقبال کے تمام مجموعوں میں بانگ در اسب سے بڑا مجموعہ ہے۔ اس میں 1901ء سے 1905 ء کا کلام پہلے حصے میں 1905ء سے 1908ء کا کلام دوسرے حصہ میں اور یورپ سے واپسی کے بعد سے لے کر 1924 ء تک کا کلام تیسرے حصے میں شامل ہے۔ اس طرح بانگ درا کے کل تین حصے ہیں۔ اس میں143 نظمیں اور 28 غزلیں شامل ہیں۔عمدہ افکار و اسالیب پر مبنی مرثیے اس تصنیف میں موجود ہیں۔ زیادہ تر طویل نظمیں اسی تصنیف میں موجود ہیں۔
The present study examines the determinants of male labour force participation in district Lahore, Pakistan. The authors have collected data from age cohort 18-64 years by primary source. The results are tested by using logit model. The results show that age, increasing educational levels, parents’ level of education, presence of assets and marital status contribute significantly to higher male participation rate in the workforce.
Economic success of a country is the success of big corporations of that country. Corporate governance is thus
economic governance in general. Some of the major corporate scandals that stunned global economies and
businesses followed by falling down of corporate giants like Enron, BCCI, Coloroll, Polly Pech, Barings, HIH
Insurance and Parmalat resulted in tight regulations, codes, and principles of corporate governance. These
scandals erupted due to nonexistent of accountability and transparency principles of corporate governance
within these companies as the management concealed important facts from the shareholders and that they
were also not accountable for their actions.
This empirical research study intends to examine different characteristics of Corporate Governance and their
impact on firm performance. These characteristics include Transparency and Accountability. Analysis would
be based on primary data which will be collected through questionnaire from 200 respondents from 10 public
sector companies and 10 private sector companies.
Purpose of the study is to determine the nature of relationship between accountability and transparency with
firm performance in private as well as public sector companies. Results of the study revealed positive
relationship between accountability and transparency with firm performance and vice versa. In case of private
sector companies, there was highly significant relationship between accountability, transparency and firm
performance. Whereas insignificant relationship of the same was observed in public sector companies.