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SIP security

Thesis Info

Author

Maria Akhtar

Supervisor

Maria Ashraf

Department

Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

viii,54

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Other

BS 003.5 MAS

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723877666

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دو بہادر دوست

دو بہادر دوست

اک واری دی گل اے کہ کسے پنڈ وچ دو دوست رہندے سن۔ اوہ رج کے نکمے سن۔ کوئی کم نہیں کر دے تے ہر ویلے روٹیاں کھاندے سن۔ اوہناں دے گھر والے اوہناں توں بہت تنگ سن۔ جدوں اوہ اوہناں نوں کم کرن دا آکھدے تاں اوہ کوئی نہ کوئی بہانہ بنا کے اوہناں دا حکم ٹال دیندے۔ تنگ آ کے گھر والیاں اوہناں نوں گھروں کڈھ دتا تے زہر والیاں روٹیاں پکا کے اوہناں نوں نال دے دتیاں۔ اوہ گھروں ٹر پیندے نیں۔ کافی دور جا کے اوہناں نوں بھکھ لگدی اے۔ اوہ روٹی کھاون لئی اک درخت تھلے بہہ جاندے نیں۔ جدوں اوہناں روٹی رومال وچوں کھول کے سامنے رکھی تاں ویکھدے نیں کہ اک شیر اوہناں ول آ رہیا اے۔ تے اوہدے پچھے بادشاہ دی فوج لگی ہوئی اے۔ شیر سدھا اوہناں ول آیا تے اوہ ڈر کے درخت اتے چڑھ گئے۔ شیر نوں بھکھ لگی ہوئی سی۔ اوس ساریاں روٹیاں کھالئیاں تے تھوڑی دیر بعد زہر دے اثر پاروں مر گیاں۔ جدوں اوہناں ویکھیا کہ شیر مر گیا اے تاں اوہ درخت توں تھلے اترے تے شیر دی گردن اتے بہہ گئے۔ اینے چر وچ فوجی اوتھے آوندے نیں۔ اوہناں ویکھیا کہ دو بندیاں نے شیر نوں مار دتا اے۔ اوہ فوجی اوہناں دو نواں نوں لے کے بادشاہ کول آندے نیں۔ بادشاہ اوہناں دی بہادری اتے بہت خوش ہوندا اے تے اوہناں نوں اپنی فوج وچ ملازم رکھ لیندا اے۔ بادشاہ علاقے وچ اعلان کروا دیندا اے کہ ایہہ دونویں بندے شہر وچوں جو کجھ وی کھاون ایہناں نوں روکیا نہ جاوے۔ اوہ دونویں بہت خوش ہوندے نیں تے ون سونّے کھانے کھا کے موٹے ہو جاندے نیں۔

اک دن اچانک بادشاہ دی دوجے ملک دے بادشاہ نال لڑائی شروع ہو جاندی...

Nexus of Gold Price-Exchange Rate-Interest Rate-Oil Price: Lessons for Monetary Policy in Pakistan

This study aims to evaluate the links among gold price, oil price, exchange rate and interest rate in Pakistan. All these channels are interconnected and have impact on monetary policy of the country. Monthly data ranging from 1995-01 to 2016-12 is used for the analysis based on VAR Model. Exchange rate depreciations are responded by tight monetary policy actions, which seem to have a significant effect on exchange rate stabilization process and raise gold price. Changes in oil prices at global level strongly affect the nexus in Pakistan. Monetary policy managers are suggested to take changes in gold prices as indicators of short-run fluctuations in Pakistan economy. The study contributes in two ways. Firstly, as a case study of Pakistan, it analyzes the role of gold market in response to changes in exchange rate and world oil prices. Secondly, the study links up monetary policy decisions to the nexus of gold price-oil price-exchange rate. Findings of the study may be useful for monetary policy makers, academia, and gold industry alike.

Enhancing the Creative Potentials of Educational Leaders

The research study was carried out in a private university with course participants of Master's in Education (MEd) having a major in educational leadership and management. The purpose of the study was to enhance the creative potentials of educational leaders. Creativity invites the mind to think in diverse directions to make something novel which can improve our living standards with the changing times. Striving for effectiveness, efficiency and quality in every aspect of our life draws our imagination towards the need of creativity in a leadership role as well because leaders lead the minds and act as change agents (Kaufman, 2005). According to Lagari (2010) the chairman higher education commission Pakistan, all leaders need to enhance creativity to facilitate 'out-of-the-box' solutions. When you think there are no answers to a problem or an issue, then there are likely to be more possible answers for a creative leader. In order to enhance this emerging need of creativity for educational leaders the study was conducted with action learning as the methodology which will enrich the creativity of educational leaders (as education is the key to progress). The tools to collect the relevant data were semi-structured interviews, observations and focus group discussions. The process of data collection had three phases; in the first phase semi-structured interviews took place on the basis of which the participants were given some worksheets to enhance their creative potentials. The worksheets included activities for idea generation, lateral thinking, re-layering, etc. The second phase included focus group discussions (action learning phase) in which all three participants shared their professional life problems and explored alternative solutions. In the last phase semi-structured interviews were conducted, once again, to find out the application of participants’ learning worksheets and the action learning phase. The findings and analyses revealed that in order to face the challenges of the 21st century, leaders need to equip themselves with creative thinking skills. It also emerged from the interviews that the educational system which participants have gone through has hindered their creativity. Therefore, educational leaders need to enhance their own creative potential so that they can inculcate this aspect in teachers and students.