Intake of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Influences on Sexual Dysfunctions

Epilepsy which is also called seizures disorder is an uncontrolled action of the central nervous system. It is not a single disease but a set of neurological disorders. Actually in this situation, the brain does not receive a precise signal and as a result an abnormal condition is produced that is usually involuntary in action. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship of anti-epileptic drugs with sexual dysfunction and adaptation of better remedies that improve a patient’s family life. Sexual dysfunction is a common comorbidity in people with epilepsy which badly affects their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is caused by different factors like psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and social factors etc. Sexual dysfunctions include ejaculatory failure, lessen libido, penile erection in men and irregular menstrual cycle in women. Common drugs such as Topiramate, Gabapentin (GBP), Valproate (VA), Carbamazepine (CBZ), Olanzapine (OL) and Risperidone (RTG) that are in practice to treat epilepsy usually produced adverse effect on sexual dysfunction. Even though a lot of studies have been carried out to control sexual dysfunction in epilepsy’s patient, but still research is going on. Medicine such as Cyproheptadine, Mianserin, Buspirone, Yohimbine were found better to treat epilepsy with minimum side effects of sexual dysfunction. Moreover, it is also seen that certain vasodilators,  folate , and vitamin supplements are effective in improving the quality of life.

The Mediating Effects of Employees’ Career Issues on the Relationships Between Organizational Learning Culture and Employees’ Perceived Job Performance

Organizational learning culture, career issues and perceived job performance have widely entangled the attention of researchers because of its academic and practical implications. The subject area has extensively been investigated, yet it still has vast potential for further research. Previous researches have studied these variables in bits and pieces. The current study consolidates these variables into one model and puts the model for validation with the empirical evidence from colleges’ teaching staff in Malakand Division. The study used a sample of 395 faculty members collected from colleges in the Malakand Division through stratified random sampling technique. The hypothesized model of the current research is an interdependence model that is why this model is evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Path diagrams have been drawn through AMOS. Findings of the current research, in major, validated the hypothesised model which have theoretical basis in the findings of the previous research regarding organizational learning culture, employees’ career issues and their positive impact on employees’ perceived job performance. These results have significant implications; including enabling researchers to enhance their understanding of these relationships as well as help policy makers to critically look into such relationships when formulating policies that affect employees’ performance. Academically, these findings enrich the existing body of knowledge on organizational learning culture and its impact via other HR interventions in the developing countries like Pakistan. Future research studies should explore other antecedents like organizational citizenship behaviour, organizational justice and organizational politics to have a more in-depth approach in the field. Some may replicate this study in other settings as well as in some other developing countries.