معین احمد علوی کاکوروی
چند دنوں پہلے خبر ملی کہ ۴؍ جنوری کو کاکوری میں جناب معین احمد علوی وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ، وہ ستر برس کے تھے اور درس و تدریس کی ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد اپنے وطن میں ایک ذاتی مدرسہ کے ذریعہ تعلیم کی دولت عام کرنے میں کوشاں تھے، ان کی زندگی نسبتاً خاموشی و گمنامی کی تھی لیکن ان کے مقالات و مضامین اہل نظر میں قدر کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے، معارف میں ان کے متعدد مضامین شائع ہوئے وہ دارالمصنفین اور اس کے خدمت گزاروں سے بڑا تعلق رکھتے تھے اور یہاں کی کتابوں سے اپنے ذاتی کتب خانہ کو مزین بھی کیا تھا، بہرائچ کے قیام میں انہوں نے سالار مسعود غازی کے سوانحی ماخذ اور سید امیر ماہ بہرائچی کے متعلق مضامین لکھے ان کا ایک اور عمدہ مضمون سلاسل و طبقات تصوف میں ایک مخطوطہ مراۃ الاسرار کے متعلق بھی معارف میں شائع ہوا، وہ اس دور میں کاکوری کی علمی و دینی روایتوں کے امین تھے اور اس مشہور مردم خیز قصبہ کی شرافت و مروت کی روایتوں کے وارث بھی تھے، مفتی محمد رضا انصاری فرنگی محلی مرحوم کے حقیقی ماموں زاد بھائی تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ بال بال مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔
( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، جنوری ۱۹۹۵ء)
Sahih al-Bukhari a collection of ahadith of Mohammad (PUUH) compiled by Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Bukhari, has been given great importance by the Muslim scholars of past and present time. Many detailed commentaries on this collection have been written So the number of methods have been increased during the commentary of this book. Some of them explained it in detail, and some concerned with a particular aspect. “Al Kawakib Ad Durari” by Imam Alkirmani is an old explanation of Sahih Bukhari. Many commentators came after Imam Alkirmani consulted his book, and quoted his statements in their books; sometimes agreeing, and at other times contravention. Imam Alkirmani was among those scholars who were expert in many fields at a time like know-ledge about hadith, its narrators, commentary, qiraat, Quranic science, Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic language, Faith, medicine, history, geography, astronomy etc. During studying “Fath al Bari”I found that Alhafiz Ibne Hajar criticized on the commentary of Alkirmani at many times in relating to the continuation and discount-inuation of traditions. In this article I studied these comments of Alhafiz Ibne Hajar on Imam Alkirmani a critical comparison. After research I have found that Alhafiz Ibne Hajar has consulted “Al Kawakib Ad Durari” and quoted Imam Alkirmani’s commentary and added it. This article approves that the opinion of Alhafiz Ibne Hajar is more reliable than Imam Alkirmani.
Financial distress is an active research area particularly for business community of Pakistan due to economic conditions, electricity shortage and political situation. Banks are also taking keen interest in this area after the global financial crisis of year 2008. Therefore, the question that how financial distress can be predicted accurately has been widely debated by many scholars by using traditional statistical models. However, earlier research has not adequately addressed the issue of predicting financial distress. Adding to that the rate of financial distress is also getting harder to estimate by using traditional statistical models, because firms are becoming more complex and creating refined plans to hide their real financial situation. To prevent this condition latest prediction models are adopted by many countries which can give early indication of firm?s financial distress with highly accurate results. In this regard, prediction of financial distress by Neural Network Model is not much explored in Pakistan for foreseeing the financial health of firms. This paper addresses this issue and uses Neural Network Model to predict financial distress of firms in Pakistan by selecting suitable independent variables.
The sample of 22 private sector conventional banks listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange is selected. The time series financial statements of these banks are selected for 15 years (2001 to 2015).Selected sample time frame is (pre-crisis 2001-2007), (crisis 2008) and (post-crisis 2009-2015). To test first hypothesis,4 Altman''s ratios from revised Altman''s Z-Score Model are calculated from these financial statements of selected banks. This study used three layered Neural Network Model consisting of input layer, hidden layer and output layer. The 4 independent explanatory variables/ input are 4 Altman''s ratios and 1 dependent variable/output is probable financial distress. After determining the Neural Network architecture, cross-validation re-sampling procedure is used to train, validate, and test a Neural Network by using commerciallyavailable MATLAB software. The best and most appropriate Neural Networks model, constructed by combining input variables of 4 Altman''s ratios, resulted in the R value of 0.99 that shows a relatively high accuracy given the error ratio in the input variables. These results confirmed the second hypothesis. By testing third hypothesis, distressed and non distressed banks are correctly classified with reference to Altman?s ratio