An Analysis of Global Integration and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan

The following research examines economic growth potential from the perspective of globalization for Pakistan. The empirical results are estimated using the ARDL model over the period 1970 to 2018. The study reports the time before and after the openness to the world. The country opened up its borders quite late in the 80s. The results demonstrate that, in the short term, globalization negatively affects economic growth, but that, in the long run, it boosts economic growth. Globalization has assisted Pakistan's economic progress since the country opened its borders and economy to the rest of the world, but not to too much extent, what it could. Furthermore, research findings demonstrate that government spending and physical capital improve economic growth, however, inflation has a detrimental impact on Pakistan's economic growth.

Probing the Efficiency of Biological and Biomagnetic Seeds Treatment upon Vigor and Metabolism of Momordica Charantia

Seed priming is used to regulate germination and manages the seed moisture and temperature, and for this purpose, the seed is taken in the first biochemical processes at early stages of germination and is an important process to develop food crops with enhanced nutritional values. Momordica charantia is an economically important medicinal plant reported for a range of pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties. In this study, some priming treatments with optimized conditions were applied such as physical priming (50 mT/5 mm/5sec, 100 mT/5 mm/5sec, 150 mT/5 mm/5sec), bio priming with bacterial strain FD17 (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours), amino acids treatment (tyrosine 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% solution) and chemical priming with zinc sulphate (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% solution) to M. charantia seeds. M. charantia seeds primed with treatments, control primed and hydro primed (control with water). Plants were grown in natural environmental conditions in the field. All treatments were compared for their impacts on plant growth. To improve seedling, parameters with the help of seed priming with different priming treatments such as magnetic, bacterial, tyrosine and ZnSO4 which are cost-effective, economic, non-toxic and eco-friendly sources were also applied. All applications enhanced fruit metabolizable energy, total soluble sugars, and proteins. With minor variations, free amino acids and peroxidase activity were also improved in treated plants. Other nutritive components if not improved even showed maintenance in fruits of treated plants indicating that no treatment was with any dire risk of nutritive loss. Antiglycation activity was improved in tyrosine and bacterial strain FD17 treatment. Further, the antiglycation potential of tyrosine treated plants showed a direct correlation with vanillic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid and sinapic acid. Whereas, FD17 primed plants for their antiglycation ability were directly correlated with coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. Expression of a hypoglycemic polypeptide-P from treated samples was checked through quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) and found maximum in FD17 treated sample.