غیر مسلموں کی تقریبات میں شرکت کی حدود وقیود: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

This article aims to highlight an important aspect of Islamic Law, which relates to social life of a Muslim. Islamic law promotes social harmony and tolerance, but it makes it balance in the light of basic principles and objectives of Shar'īah. Likewise, Islamic law determines social relation between Muslims with each other as well as the relation of Muslims with Non-Muslim citizens in the Islamic state. Furthermore, it is very significant to know that a Muslim can participate in the traditional and religious functions of Non-Muslim or not? Islamic law has made some parameters in this regard, in this research paper we have focused on this specific issue of Islamic law and tried to explain the legal status of this issue in the light of Quran, Prophetic traditions, and opinions of Muslim Scholars. The research method applied in this paper is descriptive and critical study of different school of thoughts is also provided. Muslims have a long history of mutual contacts with the non-Muslims guided by the Shar’īah principles as they have come together in every age in different political and geographical contexts. In the early days of Islam, Muslims were in the minority. At that time, Muslims participated in the social life of their non-Muslims neighbors. Islam respects other religions. Provides all kinds of facilities to non-Muslims. And allows Muslims to participate in their legitimate programs.۔

Analysis of Discrepancies Between Skills Acquired During Teacher Training Programs B. Ed & M. Ed and Skills Required in Actual Classroom

This research has been designed to cover the following objectives (1) To find out the perceptions of teachers, head of schools and teacher trainers about essential classroom skills acquired by the trainee teachers. (2)To identify the essential classroom skills being stressed during the teacher training program. (3)To determine if there are discrepancies between skills being developed during the teacher training program and skills actually being used in the classroom. (4) To identify the problems in acquiring and implementing the essential classroom skills by the trainees teachers. (5) To determine if there are discrepancies between the perceptions of heads, teachers, teacher trainers and researcher’s classroom observations. Technique of multistage sampling was used. At first two Provinces Punjab and K.P.K was chosen. Then five Districts were randomly chosen from the two provinces. Ten percent Govt. Secondary Schools and ten percent heads of Govt. Secondary Schools were chosen from each District. Two hundred and fifty teachers were selected as sample of convenience. Ten percent teachers were chosen from the sampled teachers for classroom observation so hundred teachers were selected for this purpose. An equal number of teacher trainers were taken from each District. . Three questionnaires were designed to get the responses of the teachers, heads, and teacher trainers about the skills acquired during the teacher training program B.Ed & M.Ed and skills required in actual classroom. A checklist was constructed to carry out classroom observation of the teachers teaching in the classroom and to see the difference of skills required and skills acquired. Data collected through research instruments was analyzed by using mean score, t- test, ANOVA and Tukey test.