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Metal oxide graphene composites as advanced energy storage and conversion materials

Thesis Info

Author

Marwat, Tariq Nawaz

Supervisor

Waqar Adil Syed

Department

Department of Physics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

x, 70

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

MS 621.38152 MAM

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723922033

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47. Muhammad/The Prophet Muhammad

47. Muhammad/The Prophet Muhammad

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

47:01
a. Those who disbelieve and obstruct others from pursuing the Path of Allah,
b. HE will let all of their good deeds go waste,
c. so they will find no reward for these in the realm of the Hereafter.

47:02
a. While HE will erase impieties and sinful trespasses of those who:
- believe, and
- practice righteousness, and
- believe in what has been sent on to Muhammad The Prophet - The Qur’an, and
- that it is the Truth from their Rabb - The Lord, and
b. HE will absolve them of their evil deeds and also set aright their hearts and improve their
spiritual situation.

47:03
a. That is so because those who disbelieve they follow the falsehood,
b. while those who believe they follow The Truth - The Qur’an - from their Rabb - The Lord.
c. That is how Allah gives people precepts of wisdom by similitudes of themselves.

47:04
a. Whenever you encounter in the battlefield those who disbelieve, then strike their necks,
until, when you have overpowered them, then hold them firmly as prisoners of war.
b. Thereafter, you can either free them graciously or hold them to ransom against payment or in exchange of Muslim captives, until the battle lays down its burdens.
c. That is the rule!
d. Yet if Allah so willed, HE alone would have defended HIMSELF against them,
e. but HE allows fighting so that some of you may be tested by means of others in the
battlefield.
f. As for those who would...

العدالة الاجتماعية في ضوء السيرة النبوية

The study aimed at exploring social justice, peace, prosperity, love, welfare and coexistence in the light of Prophetic Sīrah being the model of humanism in the world. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was a paragon of social justice and a role model at the apex for humanity. He was a great social reformer and social activist. He (ﷺ) crippled an arrogant class and race-based system by the virtue of equality, avoiding the exploitation of basic rights of poor and by establishing a society based on virtues of charity and well-wishing. The Holy Prophet (ﷺ) strived for making a society based on collective and individual justice. He was real role model of tolerance and kindness which can vividly be observed at various events such as; entering the city of Makkah, the pact of Ḥudaybiya, the treaties with the non-Muslims, at the time of migration to Madīnah, fixing the Black-Stone and Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl. Thus, it is a fact that Holy Prophet (ﷺ) emerged a society that strives for gaining social justice. The researcher applied descriptive method for conducting this research. The study concludes the aspects of social justice in the Sīrah of the last Prophet which can surly enlighten the whole humanity and all societies of the world

Speech Segregation from Multi-Stream Auditory Environments

In audio source separation, cocktail party problem is a typical example that segregates a particular signal while filtering out the others from audio mixture. This problem has been investigated for decades. In our daily life, a plethora of sources add their acoustic pattern to the environment. In this scenario, segregating human speech acoustics from the audio mixture is challenging. This challenge becomes harder in case of monaural (single microphone) setup that essentially eliminates the spatiality of the target source. Human listeners possess an incredible capability to segregate a specific sound source from a complex mixture, even single ear is enough for complex auditory scene. This process of separating and target specific sound source is called auditory scene analysis (ASA). Recently, ASA has received profound interest from many audio researchers. However, Emulating the same functionality on computer is imperative and challenging. Number of applications need an effective system in place that has near human-like ability to segregate auditory signals. There are many challenges for existing Computer Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA) systems yet to be handled in case of monaural speech segregation. This research work proposes a systematic in-depth effort in evolving a CASA framework for monaural speech segregation. In the first stage, peripheral analysis is done to model ASA inspired time-frequency representation called cochleagram. In the second stage system extracts ASA cues are extracted such as fundamental frequency (F0), spectral peaks, onsets and offsets. The Cochleagram is further mapped to eight discrete clusters. Theses clusters will become the foundation to produce morphed cochleagram versions that are further processed one by one with rough estimated fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral peaks to iteratively stabilize and improve pitch estimation. The system classifies speech and non-speech interference based on improved pitch estimation, spectral peaks and underlying ASA features ix e.g. harmonicity, onset/offset, and generates an ideal binary mask for target speech segregation. Finally, the target speech source is resynthesized using masked time-frequency units of Cochleagram. Systematic evaluation shows that the proposed system for voiced speech segregation produces better results and it can able to identify majority of time frequency (T-F) units from cochleagram for target speech separation. The proposed system produces significantly better results when compared with existing standardized voiced speech segregation techniques.