بین المذاہب ہم آہنگی میں حائل رکاوٹوں کا جائزہ

In contemporary world several efforts have been made to restore the global peace, harmony and co-existence, and still the struggles continue but in vain. There are some serious problems to be addressed in the first phase. Some of these problems, for interfaith harmony and co-existence are associated with political and economical imbalance or injustice, while some of these are related to social and collective values at the world level, particularly in the Muslim society. In the past, political and economic motives were responsible for wars. It is predicted that in future the situation will remain the same. However Religious extremism and fundamentalism are just slogans of the western world for covring up real economic intentions. Western world particularly Americans promote wars for achievement of economic gains. This article focuses on the real causes of terrorisim, which is threatening our globe. Moreover it also suggests how to control these issues and help in the restoration of peace and interfaith harmony. The economic, political and social causes have been highlighted in detail. The big powers while talking of helping the developing countries want in reality to exploit economically those countries.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Depression Among Patients With Epilepsy in a Kenyan Tertiary Care Hospital

Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression in patients with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi. Design: Cross-sectional Survey Background: Depression is a recognized common co-morbidity of epilepsy that often goes untreated and has great impact on quality of life of patients and management of patients with epilepsy. Patients and Setting: Patients with epilepsy on follow up at the Aga Khan University Hospital were evaluated for presence and factors associated with depression. Methodology: The study recruited eligible patients with epilepsy who were on follow up in the neurology clinic. Beck Depression Inventory was administered to evaluate for presence of depression. Patients identified as having co-morbid depression were evaluated for associated factors. Results: Three hundred and twenty seven patients were evaluated for presence of depression in this study. The prevalence of depression based on the Beck Depression Inventory was 16.5 %, (95 % CI 12.7-21.0) representing a total of 54 patients diagnosed to have depression among the 327 patients with epilepsy. Twenty five patients (7.6%)[95% CI 5-11.1] as a subset of the total study population, had mild depression, 18 (5.5% [95% CI 3.3-8.6]) patients had moderate depression and 11 (3.4%[95% CI 1.7-5.9]) patients had severe depression. There was weak association between mild depression and polytherapy (use of two or more antiepileptic drugs), with OR 2.3, 95%CI 0.9-5.8 however, none between polytherapy and moderate or severe depression. No statistically significant association was found between depression and duration of epilepsy or number of seizures per month over last three months. Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that the prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi was 16.5 %( 95% CI 12.7-21.0) and polytherapy was weakly associated with mild depression.