پنجواں شکار
شکندر بارہویں جماعت دا طالب علم سی اک دیہاڑے جدوں اوہ کالج اپڑیا تے اوہنے ویکھیا پئی کالج دے نیڑے خالی میدان وچ خانہ بدوشاں دیاں پکھیاں لگیاں ہوئیاں نیں کالج لگن وچ اجے کجھ چررہندا سی پئی اوہ بے وس ہوکے پکھیاں ول ٹرپیا جدوں اوہ اک پکھی دے کول اپڑیا تے بت بن کے کھلوتا رہ گیا ایس پکھی وچ اک کڑی چھج بناون وچ لگی ہوئی سی اوہنے سدھے سادھے کپڑے پائے ہوئے سن اوہدیاں گلہاں نوں اک لٹ لگدی پئی سی۔ موٹیاں موٹیاں اکھاں، گول گپا جہیا چہرہ۔ اچن چیت اکو واری ایس کڑی نے شکند رول ویکھیا دونواں دیاں اکھاں چار ہوئیاں تے فیر اوس کڑی نے سر تھلے کرلیا خدا جانے کدوں تیکر شکند راوہدے دل ویکھدا رہیا جدوں کالج دا ویلا ہوگیا تے اوہ مجبور ہوکے کالج ول ٹرپیا پر اوہ چنگی طراں کالج وچہ پڑھ نہ سکیا ہر ویلے اوس کڑی دے خیالاں وچ ڈبیا رہیا۔
جدوں کالج توں ویہلا ہوئیا بے وس اوہدے قدم اوس پکھی ول اٹھ پئے جیہدے وچ اوہ مٹیار بیٹھی ہوئی سی۔ جدوں شکندر اوتھے اپڑیا تے اوہ وی پہلے توں اوہدی اڈیک وچ سی تے کہن لگی ’’تسیں آگے اوباؤ جی، میں تہاڈی ای اڈیک وچ بیٹھی سی‘‘ ایہہ گل سن کے شکندر حیران ہو گیا اوس کڑی نے دوجی وار فیر آکھیا۔
Islamic history reveals that Muslim rulers had taken keen interest to establish educational institutions during their rule. To keep going on this legacy of the Muslim rulers, various governments in Pakistan, since its creation, has announced a number of educational policies. Besides suggestions for Islamic education, a concept of Model Madaris at federal level was introduced for the first time during Musharraf’s regime [1999-2008]. Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA) was made responsible to develop the curriculum for these Madaris from middle to master levels; however, as per constitution the Education Act 1976, it is the responsibility of Curriculum Wing, Ministry of Education to develop the curriculum up to higher secondary level with pre-framed objectives. While at graduate and post graduate level, it is the responsibility of the universities to develop curriculum through their statutory bodies i.e. Board of Studies, Board of Faculty and Academic Council as per guide lines set by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. This study is an effort to explore the main objectives of Model Madaris curriculum. Moreover, it will be cross checked with course contents from middle to bachelor levels and policy suggestions will be directed that how these objectives and course contents can be amalgamated in one line.
Karachi is one of the worst effected cities due to unchecked and uncontrolled noise pollution. Population growth rate of Karachi is about 3.0% per annum that depicts the annual growth of population at risk while pollution growth is also considerably high. The growing environmental degradation has exerted grave burden on resources, therefore, environmental monitoring has become indispensable. This neglected issue needs a serious attention and, continuous surveillance to evaluate the quality regularly. In this study, a hypothesis is formulated: "the high level of noise is associated with the geographical agglomeration of land use and traffic volume, which results in high incidence of noise related diseases and people working near those areas are on vulnerable risk.” The prime goals of this study are to modulate the information pertains to noise pollution and its adverse effects on human health and find out their spatial patterns all over Karachi. The research has covered different parameters: assessment of land cover / land use, human settlement growth, temporal traffic patterns, population distributions, current levels of noise, health implications, physicians’ and public perceptions. Spatial variations within metropolis have been largely ignored mainly due to less comprehension, under estimation of spatial techniques as well as difficulties in collecting, processing and analysing the data at micro geographic scales. Remote Sensing technology has been providing multi-dimensional information, which is utilized in various environmental investigations while Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been accepted as a turnkey solution for the complex world due to its magnanimous breath of functionalities and cost effectiveness. The developed GIS evaluation combined the data sets, various analyses and the resultant maps with the capability to integrate further parameters for future risk assessments. Multi-attribute decision analysis was successfully employed. Micro-geographic appraisals of the metropolis were performed by considering 58 zones outlined by the local development authority. Each regional assessment included area, population density, distribution of land cover, split of land use, and frequency of noise-induced diseases, their prevalence scenario and temporal variations in noise levels within the zone. Multiple regression models for predicting noise levels at the olden iv regions of Karachi metropolis have been formulated in which traffic and land use parameters act as independent variables. The most unique feature of this study is the unification of engineering techniques with that of human behavioural sciences to trace down the manifestations of noise pollution. It is hoped that in future, more analogous multi-disciplinary researches would be conducted on emerging mega cities of the third world.