سیرت النبی محمد مصطفیٰؐ
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع مل رہا ہے وہ ہے:’’سیرت النبی محمد مصطفیٰؐ‘‘
محترم صدر!
آج سے چودہ سو سال پہلے کا ئنات گھٹا ٹوپ تاریکیوں میں مستورتھی۔ ہر طرف جبر و تشدد کی ژالہ باریاں مصروف تباہی تھیں۔ درندگی وبہیمیت کی فضا میں حق پرستی و پرہیز گاری ناپید ہو چکی تھی۔ صنف نازک کی عصمت کا کوئی محافظ نہ تھا۔ ہر طرف آلام و مصائب کے بگولے محورقص تھے۔ صبح و شام غرباء فقراء کے سروں پر ظلم و تعدی کی تلوارلٹکتی رہتی تھی۔ جہاں تک نظر پڑتی کشت و خون ، درندگی و حیوانیت اور خوف و ہراس کا دور دورہ تھا۔ انسانی عقائدضعف اور اضمحلال کا شکار ہو چکے تھے گویا کفر و ضلالت کا ٹھاٹھیں مارتا ہوا طوفان تھا جس کے تند و تیز تھپیڑوںمیں انسانیت کی شکستہ نائو ہچکولے کھا رہی تھی۔ بلائے عظیم میں گرفتہ کسی نجات دہندہ کے منتظر تھے۔
آخر خالق کائنات کوسسکتی ہوئی انسانیت پر رحم آیا۔ رب کعبہ نے رشد و ہدایت کے اس آفتاب کوافق فاراں پر طلوع کیا۔ وہ آفتاب صداقت جوختم المرسلین ہے۔ جورحمت اللعالمین ہے۔ شافع المذنبین ہے۔ اسلام جس کا دین ہے۔ جس کے نور سے روشن ساری زمین ہے۔
نگاہ عشق و مستی میں وہی اوّل، وہی آخر
وہی قرآں ، وہی فرقاں، وہی یٰسیں، وہی طہٰ
معزز سامعین!
رسول عربیؐکیا آئے کائنات میں انقلاب آ گیا۔ یاس وقنوطیت سے پژمردہ چہروں پر امید کی بہارآگئی، قتل و غارت اور خوف و ہراس کی آندھیاں تھم گئیں۔صنم ہائے تراشیدہ ریزہ ریزہ ہو گئے۔ عرب وعجم کے ایوانِ ہائے عیش وطرب منہدم ہونے لگے۔ وادیٔ خزاں میں...
Zakat is although a compulsory obligation in Islam but is not paid compulsorily by the people. There are two main reasons; one is the ignorance about many things on which zakat is due, for example non-agricultural land and commercial plots etc. andsecond, ignorance about the mechanism through which it is paid. Thefirst aspect is related to public awareness and second aspect is related to the fiscal policy being enforced by the government collecting property and wealth taxes thus putting heavyfinancial pressure on the owners of real estate so as to compel them to avoid zakat andpay taxes. The paper explores the level of awareness among the general public about the payment ofzakat on non-agricultural land. Itfurther addresses the question that how the existing revenue structure need to be changed. For thefirst aspect, primary data with n=33 has been collected from the capital city of the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For the second aspect the revenue structure of the government is reviewed tofind out the number of taxes on the possession, sale and purchase of commercial or nonagricultural land plots. Since taxes are in no way a substitute of zakat so it is further explored that if the existing taxes are replaced and zakat system would be properly enforced then how much is the net return. In order to estimate this net return, an interview has been conducted from the property dealers and also the figures are taken from government accounts to calculate a sample for the study area that is then generalized for the government returns at large. The results of the study show a high level ofignorance about zakat obligation on plots in the study area. The verdicts of the Islamic scholars also create difference of opinion, however, majority have approved the case in favor of payment. Since there is ignorance and people have to pay taxes so they avoid zakat and just pay taxes. A mechanism is needed for fiscal reforms to ensure the payment of zakat and to stop its substitution against taxes on land plots.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most paramount staple foods of the world. It occupies a unique position in cereal crops with respect to area under cultivation and more than 2.7 million populations depending on rice. In Pakistan, rice is an important food and cash crop and has the status of second staple food crop after wheat and the second major exportable produce after cotton. Despite much development in rice production technology research and developments, the yield of rice crop in Pakistan is very low as compared to other rice growing countries. One of the major yield limiting factors is the attack of insect pests and diseases. Among these, leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Gu.) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice are of economic importance and cause irreparable yield losses every year. A comprehensive survey was conducted to investigate the farmers’ perception regarding leaf folder and bacterial leaf blight and factors which boost up the infestation of leaf folder and incidence of bacterial leaf blight and their management practices in rice crop. A questionnaire was developed; minimum of 50 farmers were interviewed in selected five districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Majority of the farmers (62%) responded that LF attacked their crop first while 30% farmers were of the opinion that BLB attacked first. Eight percent informed that crop was attacked by LF and BLB simultaneously. As most of the farmers (72%) responded that those fields in which LF attacked first, the incidence of BLB was high, while 64% farmers told that LF enhanced the severity of BLB. Furthermore, the interaction among leaf folder and bacterial leaf blight was also studied. Total damage area (TDA) in the combined treatment (LF+Xoo) was significantly higher (72.08±1.57) than in the combined treatment (Xoo+LF), single LF treatment and single Xoo treatment on rice variety Basmati 385 and same trend was followed by 2nd week and 1st week. This implies a synergistic interaction of LF and xiv Xoo when Xoo was inoculated after LF infestation. However combined treatment of (Xoo+LF) showed a significantly lower TDA (59.28±1.47) compared with other combined treatment (72±1.57) and single LF and Xoo treatments. The data regarding yield contributed factor and yield losses due to leaf folder and bacterial leaf blight alone and combined were also recorded. The data revealed that maximum 1,000 grain weight loss due to BLB was 13.22% and 6.79% for years 2012 and 2013 respectively, on Super Basmati followed by Basmati 515 and Basmati 385. The highest 1,000 grain weight loss due to LF was 7.09% and 1.20% on Super Basmati followed by Basmati 515 and Basmati 385. The maximum 1,000 grain weight loss due to combined treatment (LF and BLB) was 20.06% and 7.07% on Super Basmati followed by Basmati 515 and Basmati 385 during 2012 and 2013 respectively. The maximum yield loss due to BLB was 20.62% and 10.55% on Super Basmati followed by Basmati 515 and Basmati 385. The yield loss due to LF was 10.32% and 3.48% on Super Basmati followed by Basmati 515 and Basmati 385.The yield loss due to combined (LF and BLB) was 27.05% and 11.02% on Super Basmati followed by Basmati 515 and Basmati 385. The leaf damage data revealed that two wild species, Oryza rufipogon and Oryza brachyantha were resistant to LF. Fourteen genotypes were moderately resistant (MR), ten were moderately susceptible (MS), fourteen were susceptible (S) and ten were highly susceptible (HS) against leaf folder. Similarly results exhibited that one wild species (O. rufipogon) was found highly resistant (HR) whereas one species (O. brachyantha) showed resistance (R) response. Two rice genotypes showed moderately resistant (MR) response; nine rice lines represented the moderately susceptible (MS) response, thirty three were represented susceptible response (S) and four were found highly susceptible (HS) against bacterial leaf blight. These identified resistant germplasm can be used in breeding program of rice crop to develop resistant varieties against leaf folder and bacterial leaf blight disease.