الباب الرابع: شعر نازك الملائكة وبروین شاکر (دراسة مقارنة)

نظام التعليم المسجدي في الصين

Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon the leader of all the Prophets, upon his descendants, his disciples, and the ones who follow him to the Day of Judgment.     Islam entered China as early as in the first century Hijrah corresponding to the seventh century AD, in the reign of Caliph Othman. From the beginning until current time, ten national minority groups accepted Islam.   Chinese Muslim Community is the second biggest Muslim minority group in the world, but tops the chart when it comes to bearing the hardships for Islam. The Mosque in china not used only for prayer, but also a place for Muslims to learn Islamic knowledge, which has played a significant role in consolidation of faith and alleviating hardships. But unluckily most of foreigner Muslim brothers do not know about Mosque education system in china, that’s why I have chosen this topic to provide basic concept about Mosque education (Madrasa) in china.   Lastly, I hope this small article would be useful and wish the readers might get the most benefits from it. Inshallah!

Extended E-Governance Service System Readiness Assessment Framework

Research and surveyed data shows that E-Governance service systems, with respect to their usability, effectiveness and participatory governance, help in improving transparency, corruption control, and good governance. In practice, the open government data, EParticipation initiatives, and their collaborative workspaces are essential ingredients of EGovernance service systems. The debate about what constitutes E-Governance success, their quantifiable and qualitative variables, their divergent socio-technical dependencies, etc. is still on-going. E-Governance has been emerged as a large-scale socio-technical and humancentered problem space. We, therefore, assert that Human-Computer Interaction’s Computer Supported Cooperative Work (HCI’s CSCW) based system modeling and it’s supporting socio-technical tools and technologies can effectively be used to design and develop EParticipatory governance systems. For this purpose, in this thesis, research gap analyses between one of the identified perceived governance indexes and some International agencies’ E-readiness survey indexes have been compared. A Gap analysis of the results highlights weak correlation between United Nation’s provided E-Participation Index and a perceived governance index by Transparency International. This weak correlation serves as a strong motivation of our work. We, therefore, propose a distinct human-centered and socio-technical design of EGovernance service system readiness assessment framework by redefining E-Participation model in the context of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). For prototype implementation and validation of this framework, some case-specific readiness assessment toolkits have also been designed for identifying case-specific readiness performance measures of E-Participation. A sample of E-Governance Service System Readiness Assessment (E-GovSSRA) index has been proposed that results in a relatively strong positive correlation with the perceived governance index. This thesis, therefore, identifies some insignificant correlations with United Nation’s and other likewise agencies’ perceived E-Governance parameters. We believe that one way to achieve a highly significant correlation if principles of HCI’s CSCW framework are applied. This thesis has successfully proven our claim through the development of our own EGovSSRA framework and index as a perceived governance index.