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Modaraba experience in Pakistan present state and challenges

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Hasnain Ali

Supervisor

Atiq-ur-Rehman

Department

Department of Economics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

x,110

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

MS 330 ALM

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 23:22:08

ARI ID

1676723932691

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مولوی نور عظیم ندوی

آہ! مولوی نور عظیم ندوی
دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے لائق فرزند اور ہونہار استاد مولوی نور عظیم ندوی چند ماہ کی علالت کے بعد وفات پاگئے، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔
وہ دارالعلوم سے فراغت کے بعد مزید تعلیم کے لیے مصر گئے، اردو کی طرح عربی لکھنے اور بولنے کی اچھی مشق تھی اور درس و تدریس کے ساتھ ہی تقریر و تحریر میں بھی اپنا جوہر دکھاتے تھے، جلسوں کی نظامت بڑی خوبی اور سلیقہ سے کرتے تھے، جس سمینار کی کاروائی وہ چلاتے وہ ضرور کامیاب ہوتا۔
پڑھنے لکھنے کا اچھا ذوق تھا اور اسی میں ان کا سارا وقت گزرتا، ندوۃ العلماء سے شائع ہونے والے اردو اور عربی جرائد میں ان کے مضامین وقتاً فوقتاً چھتے تھے۔ ایک زمانہ میں ندائے ملت کے عملاً وہی اڈیٹر تھے، تعلیم اور دوسرے موضوعات پر اس کے خاص نمبر بھی نکالے، مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہ کی سرپرستی میں رابطہ ادب اسلامی کا قیام عمل میں آیا تو اس کے روح رواں مولانا سید محمد رابع ندوی کے یہی دست راست اور رابطہ کے ترجمان کے ایڈیٹر بھی تھے۔ ان کے پاس بعض اشخاص اور اکیڈمیوں کے مسودے تبصرے یا اصلاح کے لیے آتے تھے جن کو بڑے غور و توجہ سے پڑھتے، تحریر کی خوبیوں اور خرابیوں پر ان کی نظر فوراً پڑتی۔ اس معاملہ پر مولانا علی میاں مدظلہ بھی ان پر اعتماد کرتے تھے۔
ان کا وطن ضلع بستی تھا اور وہ مسلکاً اہل حدیث تھے لیکن ندوۃ العلماء میں شیرولشکر کی طرح گھل مل گئے تھے، بڑے خاموش طبع، کم سخن، خلیق اور متواضع تھے، ان کی عمر پچاس (۵۰) کی رہی ہوگی، آئندہ ان سے بڑی توقعات وابستہ تھیں لیکن ابھی اپنی چمک دمک بھی نہیں دکھانے پائے تھے کہ وقت موعود آگیا۔
؂ خوش درخشید ولے...

SMART FOOT INSOLE FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF FOOT ULCERS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS BY MEASURING PLANTAR PRESSURE

Background of the Study: The prevailing cause of Diabetes is a decline in insulin production, the outcome of which is an elevated glucose level in the blood. The superabundance of glucose in the blood can cause severe complications, damaging other body organs, including kidneys, nerves, heart, and upper and lower limbs. However, the common complication in diabetic patients is foot ulcer, which is directly associated with Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which is the extensive cause of this. DPN is the inability of nerves to sense any external change, due to which the foot plantar pressure is altered and evolves because of the high glucose level. Methodology: This paper provides a solution in the form of a portable and cost-effective device based on force sensors for diabetic patients to monitor the change in foot plantar pressure at home and overcome the risk of foot ulceration. The device is implemented on 30 participants to characterize the plantar pressure values with flat foot and normal foot types for the Control group and diabetic group. Results: An evident difference in the value of Mid-foot pressure is observed for both the groups, Control group (Normal foot = 144+2.63 kPa, Flat foot = 150+2.72 kPa) and Diabetic Group (Normal foot = 213+2 kPa, Flat foot = 216+1 kPa). Deviation in these values discriminates the mid-foot pressure for the two groups, thus providing us a range for the individuals of the control group for the alarming situation. Conclusion: Noticing the plantar pressure through the proposed device helps diabetes patients reduce their risk.

Modified Optical Properties of Au Embedded Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Thin Films and Nanostructures

Wide bandgap semiconductors provide efficient absorption in UV and very low absorptions in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This limits their effectiveness in photocatalytic, photoactive and photosensitive devices. However, the optical properties of these semiconductors can be enhanced to provide increased absorptions in the visible range. The bandgap of the semiconductor can be modulated in several ways that include: doping, formation of heterostructures, quantum dots coupling, addition of metallic nanoparticles etc. In the present work, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) energy of Au is utilized in three different semiconductor morphologies to tune the optical characteristics. Studies with three different dielectric environments such as: Au embedded planar, non-planar and Au coated wide bandgap semiconductors were performed. Specific studies of metal sandwiched planar (TiO2/Au/TiO2), heterostructure (ZnO/Au/TiO2) and Au coated ZnS nanostructures using various optical techniques that included spectroscopic ellipsometry, UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were performed in this work. The UV/Vis absorptions of TiO2/Au/TiO2 revealed the presence of two broad bands in the visible range, that were absent in TiO2 thin film, for both as-grown and annealed samples. This was attributed due to improved interband and plasmon resonance oscillations of Au in a dielectric environment. Spectroscopic ellipsometry of the Au, TiO2 and composite TiO2/Au/TiO2 films indicated that they carried the cumulative effect of UV and visible absorptions due to SPR phenomenon. The presence of interband transition was confirmed by fitting the experiment with the theoretical models, Tauc Lorentz model and Drude Lorentz model for TiO2 and Au, respectively. Dielectric functions obtained from ellipsometry were combined for the sandwiched structure using effective medium approximation (EMA) methods. The modelling showed the presence of interband transitions which provide improved absorption at Au/TiO2 interface. The values of Urbach energy which corresponds to TiO2 band tails extended into the visible region was also estimated. The increase in Urbach energy was xi a direct consequence of coupling of plasmons with the defect induced TiO2 band tail widened into the visible range. The effect of metal nanoparticles was observed in ZnO/Au/TiO2 nanoheterostructures in UV/Vis absorption and PL spectroscopy. The Au content embedded in the ZnO/Au/TiO2 composite was varied from 2-10 nm. It was observed that maximum absorptions in the structure occurred when Au content was varied to 6 nm (corresponding to the diameter of 9.8 ± 3.5 nm and density 1.4 x 1011 cm-2).Photoluminescence spectroscopy also revealed the maximum pinning of the defect states in TiO2 interface at 6 nm due to maximum participation of hot electrons injected through the SPR phenomenon. This study also highlighted the importance of dielectric layer and thickness surrounding the NPs as it affected the spread of Au NPs SPs resonant field. The third study comprised of the temperature dependent photoluminescence of ZnS nanostructures doped with two different elements, Mn and Sn. The defect centres in ZnS nanostructures provide very high luminescence. The coupling of these luminescent centres with the Au NPs altered the luminescence dynamics by introducing new charge transfer paths. In the present study, the overlapping of the Mn-induced defects with the SPR peak of Au resulted in quenching of UV peak corresponding to donor-acceptor transitions. While the Mn-induced defect overlapping the Au plasmon field was still present. Likewise, the presence of Au not only affected the defect-based transitions due to different ionic species in Sn-doped ZnS nanostructures but also activated the resonant processes in Sn, which is a semi-metal itself.