المبحث الرابع: تعليمها
یقول الشاعر ’’نزار‘‘ عن شقیقتہ إنھا نشأت وسط عائلۃ أدبیۃ وراثیاً أباً عن جد، فقد کان والد الشاعرۃ صادق الملائکۃ شاعراً مشھوراً وکاتباً، وألف وحدہ ’’دائرۃ معارف الناس‘‘ وذلک سیر وشخصیات الأعلام المشھورین الراحلین من العرب۔ تتکون من 36 مجلداً، وھي ربما محفوظۃ إلی الآن لدی ھيئة حکومیۃ في بغداد، وإلی الآن لم تطبع، وکانت والدتہا شاعرۃ أیضاً ولھا دیوان ’’أنشودۃ المجد‘‘ وکانت مشھورۃ بإسم ’’ أم نزار الملائکۃ‘‘ ولکن اسمھا الحقیقي ھو سلمی عبدالرازق الملائکۃ۔
یتضح من ذلک ثقافۃ والدیھا، وعندما بلغت نازک الملائکۃ الخامسۃ من عمرھا فکر أبویھا علی أن یدخلاھا المدرسۃ، فاختارو لھا الروضۃ التابعۃ للإبتدائیۃ المرکزیۃ في العاقولیۃ۔ وبعد أن انتھت من الدراسۃ الثانویۃ التحقت بمعھد المعلمین العالي وتخرجت سنۃ 1942م۔
درست نازک العزف علی العود، والتمثیل، واللغۃ اللاتینیۃ، واللغۃ الفرنسیۃ، والأدب الانکلیزي، واتجھت الی کتابۃ النثر عام 1951م، ومرضت والدتھا مرضاً مفاجئاً عام 1953 فکتبت قصیدۃ سمتھا ’’ثلاث مرات لأمي‘‘ ودرست في وسکنسن عام 1954، وسافرت الی بیروت۔ وفي عام 1958م قامت في العراق ثورہ 14 تموزہ وقبل ذلک قد عُینت مدرسۃ معیدۃ في کلیۃ التربیۃ في بغداد، فلما عادت 1960م في بیروت الی بغداد تعرفت الی زمیل جدید في قسم اللغۃ العربیۃ في الکلیۃ ھو الدکتور عبدالھادي محبوبۃ وتزوجتہ ومعھا لیسانس بالتربیۃ منذ 1944م من جامعۃ بغداد وأیضاً دخلت معھد الفنون وتخرجت سنۃ 1949م من قسم الموسیقي، وأنھا حصلت علی شھادۃ الماجستیر في الأدب المقارن من جامعۃ مادسن وسکونس عام 1950م من الولایات المتحدۃ الأمریکیۃ، ثم عُینت أستاذۃ في جامعۃ بغداد وجامعۃ البصرۃ وأخیراً جامعۃ الکویت۔
The religion that the Prophet ﷺ brought is a complete religion, and its teachings are for every aspect of life whether it is political life or economic life, individual life or collective life, there are rare instances of his guidance. In the Islamic system, the issue of distribution of wealth has been given great importance. On the contrary, it seems that the whole economy is based on making this sector stable and fair. So that wealth does not accumulate in one place but circulate it through donations and gifts other than Zakat. One of the purposes of the donations of the Holy Prophet was to train the Companions. With the donations of the Holy Prophet, the concentration of wealth was eliminated, the pleasure of Allah was obtained, and the state was strengthened internally and externally Muslims became economically and socially prosperous. The Muslim Ummah needs it in the present age to adopt the highest aspect of the life of the Holy Prophet and should not accumulate wealth but should spend it in various ways on God's creation without any purpose. This paper focuses on the wisdom of gifts/Attiyaat of the Prophet ﷺ. Why the Prophet ﷺfeel the need of giving other than Zakat.
Since 2007, the judiciary in Pakistan has gone from the traditional state of passive institution for enhancing the interests of the executive to an independent institution. It has started asserting its power and role as a genuine enforcer of the law for the interests of the general public. Its role as an arbitrator in the various disputes over sharing of powers between the branches of the government is considered applaudable by many sections of the society. Similarly, Parliament introduced significant reforms to set the tradition of consolidating the democracy and good governance in the country. Positively, the devolution of authority to the provincial governments, reduction in the discretionary power of the president, restoring the parliamentary character and enhancing the oversight on judicial appointments have bolster the power of the legislature in the country. The purpose of this study is to trace how these changes took place and their impact on the citizens of Pakistan. I have examined the consequences of more vibrant and active judiciary on the principle ‘separation of powers in the perspective of people empowerment’ analyzing the case of Pakistan. The ways and manners in which the separation of powers has taken place are tried to comprehensively analyze. The thesis draws mostly upon the declassified official data since 1947 to onwards. It tries to describe the dominant role of the executive over the other branches of the government. Efforts have been made to highlight the reasons behind the lack of construction relationships among the three institutions. So the main concern of this study is whether or not separation of powers is a way to empower the people in the political system of Pakistan. For this, the arguments presented in the study are: first, the lack of liberty and empowerment is not due to the absence of separation of powers in the political system of Pakistan, but it is because of overall centralized settings. Second, the separation of powers is not the ultimate solution for the lack of empowerment of the people. This finding is based on these observations: (1) the principle, separation of powers has been missing in Pakistan for the long time. (2) v Prolonged and repeatedly undemocratic rules (authoritarian regimes) in Pakistan have made the parliament and courts more submissive than an independent institutions (3) Democracy has just completed its five year term. Conversely, the dissertation explores the underlying relationship of empowerment with the democracy. Third, the people of Pakistan demonstrated more support for democracy. Their participation in elections indicates the trust of people in democratization. The increasing trend of political pluralism has enabled the legislature to exercise effective checks and balances on the executive branch of the government. We cannot say that separation of powers as a principle to empower the people is irrelevant. In addition to this, the study argues that Pakistan needs more stable and viable democratic system.