علامہ یوسف علی
دوسرا حادثہ علامہ یوسف علی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ جدید تعلیم کی بہترین پیداوار بہت پرانے اور بڑے فاضل آئی سی ایس تھے، انگریزی پر ان کو اہل زبان جیسی قدرت حاصل تھی، وہ متعدد بلندپایہ کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، ان کی ایک کتاب کا ترجمہ ’’ہندوستان قرونِ وسطیٰ میں‘‘ کے نام سے اردو میں بھی شائع ہوچکا ہے، یہ ان کے ان لکچروں کا مجموعہ ہے جو انھوں نے ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الہ آباد میں دیے تھے، اگرچہ ان کا قالب مغربی تھا، مگر ان کا قلب ہمیشہ مومن اور ان کا قلم ابتداء سے اسلام کی خدمت میں مصروف رہا، ان کا سب سے بڑا علمی و دینی کارنامہ قرآن مجید کا انگریزی ترجمہ ہے، جو ادبی خوبیوں کے لحاظ سے انگریزی زبان کا شاہکار سمجھا جاتا ہے، اس کی ایک خوبی یہ بھی ہے کہ مترجم نے ان جدید مفسرین کے برعکس جو محض یورپ کی مرعوبیت میں آیاتِ قرآنی میں خود ساختہ تاویلیں کرتے ہیں، اپنے حواشی میں کوئی ایسی تاویل نہیں کی ہے جو سلف کے عقائد کے خلاف ہو، اس لئے دینی طبقہ میں بھی اس ترجمہ کو پسندیدگی کی نظر سے دیکھا گیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی کتاب عزیز کے اس خادم کو اس کی خدمت کا صلہ عطا فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۵۴ء)
The research reveals significant insights cited by Ibn Al ‘Irāqī in his book "Toḥfah Al Taḥṣīl" on the illusions of Al-‘Alā'ī in his book "Jāmi Al Taḥṣīl". It highlights the scientific value of those illusions that Ibn Al-‘Irāqī pointed out. Several of them are related to narrators of hadith and their issues of hearing from their sheikhs. Many of those illusions are related to the chain narrators (isnad), the main text of the report (matn), or their position in the books of sunnah. There are no previous studies on this subject. I put the sequential insights I revel under headlines through which one can realize the illusions that Al-Ala'i fell in. I conclude with the perceptions that both Ibn Al-‘Iraqī and Al-‘Alā’ī have shared. I don’t mention my opinion after each insight for Ibn Al-‘Iraqī; however, my silence is an approval to what he said. When I went against him or it was important to mention any comment or information, I openly said my opinion and explained the reasons for my opposition. Some of the research findings are: Al-Ala'i ignores mentioning the narrator's gap (irsal), although Al-Mizzī mentions it in his book "Tahdhīb", or the scholars mention it before both of them. He describes the narrator having a gap (irsāl) and attributes it to Al-Mizzī. He added notes like "he didn't encounter him" and formulated expressions that weren’t mentioned by neither Al Dhahabī nor Al-Mizzī. He references a Ḥadīth to a book that it is not included in.
Depression is a not a simple term but has been used to describe a variety of infirmities, ranging from minor to debilitating. It is characterized not only by disheartened mood but also by a group of somatic, cognitive, and motivational symptoms. It is a multi-symptom disease and can even lead to suicidal attempt. There is currently no way to determine which antidepressant will work best for a given patient. Moreover, no one knows why some patients recover and others have no improvement, even after they spend months trying a series of medications. In fact, little is known with absolute certainty about how antidepressants improve mood, which means that many people continue to suffer while their doctors try a series of medications. Case control studies have supported a relationship between low folic acid, low vitamin B12, low vitamin D and high homocysteine (tHcy) levels as possible predictors of depression. The results from epidemiological studies are mixed and largely from elderly populations. Majority of the studies relating vitamin D status with depression are based either on a small sample size or non-representative of the local population. Clinical studies suggest that vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate and high tHcy level are involved in the pathophysiology of depression, anxiety and sleep disorder. We designed a study to determine relationship, if any, between vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate deficiency and high tHcy levels with depression, anxiety and sleep disorder in our local population. Total of 250 diagnosed patients of 18-75 years of age were enrolled for this study, after a written consent. Out of 250 patients, 150 patients were diagnosed as depressed, 50 as anxiety and 50 as sleep disorder. Depressed patients were further categorized into three groups depending on severity of disease i.e; mild, moderate and severely depressed patients. Blood measures included serum vitamin D, folic acid, vitamin B12 and tHcy levels and data was recorded on structured data collection form. The present study was conducted to assess whether serum levels of vitamin D, tHcy level vitamin B12 and folate are associated with depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and with severity of disease. It was observed that elevated depressive symptoms were associated with low vitamin D status, low folate and high tHcy status in all males and females. We also observed negative correlation of vitamin D and a significant positive correlation of tHcy in depression, anxiety and sleep disorder and with severity of disease in all males and females. It was concluded that low vitamin D, low folic acid and high serum tHcy levels, are correlates of depressive symptoms in our local population. The effects of vitamin D and tHcy are overlapping but distinct in our study. An association between serum folate, vitamin D, tHcy and cognitive impairment are of considerable public health importance in view of the increasing numbers of elderly people in Pakistani population. A plausible hypothesis for these association is that high tHcy levels cause cerebral vascular disease and neurotransmitter deficiency, which cause depression of mood. Furthermore, inadequate levels of either vitamin can lead to elevated plasma tHcy levels, which may be independently associated with Alzheimer’s and depression, thus raising interest in these vitamins as a means of prevention.