پاکستان میں رائج جبری شادیوں کا تعارف اور شرعی جائزہ

The Islamic Jurisprudence has given a great importance to the existence of family system of life. That is why the Qur‘ān has described the laws of family life with details in comparison with worship of Allah. In family system of life, marriage has a great importance but marriage is not only essential part of worship. Its purposes one the existence   of human generation along with the survival society where there must be modesty and justice but it is only possible if the family system of life is established on everlasting principles. That is why our Islamic Jurisprudence has declared the willingness of both bridegroom and bride and their family more importance in the marriages. Such marriages are always durable and permanent. On the contrary, if there is no willingness of both the bridegroom and bride in marriages. Then such marriages are not durable and permanent. In marriage a girl is a party and the Islamic jurisprudence has given a great deal of importance to her willingness but in pusthoon society, sometimes such marriages are conducted in which the bride concerned has no approval rather she is forced to accept that bond of marriage such marriages are commonly called “Forced Marriages”. The article below is defining the different kinds of forced marriages in vogue and is trying to find out their religious and dogmatic status as well.

Exploring the Contribution of Mentoring in Improving Teaching and Learning

Producing highly skilled, competent teachers in developing countries, such as Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan, requires an on-going teacher education, training and support. A number of research studies indicate that mentoring provides a highly useful service for teachers in their continuing education. As such, mentoring has been widely accepted as a process to support beginning teachers' professional development. However, little is known in developing countries about what mentoring is, and to what extent it brings improvement in teaching and learning. Therefore, in this particular case study was designed to explore the contribution of mentoring in facilitating the beginning teachers' teaching practice and the improvement that this can bring in the students' learning outcomes, in a developing country's context. The study is largely based on interview data provided by a mentor and two mentee teachers who were the participants of this study. During the study, the mentee teachers disclosed the factors, that they perceived to be the most influential in affecting their progress as teachers. In line with many research studies, this particular research confirms that the attitude and skills of a mentor are a critical factor in raising the confidence and self-esteem of beginning teachers. The findings of the study indicate that mentoring creates a model for extending the learning process and, thus, it evolves to serve a pivotal function for nurturing the beginning teachers' professional development, in their initial years of experience in the classroom. The study pays particular attention to the impact of the mentoring process on improving the students' learning, and suggests a number of strategies for further improving the students' learning outcomes. Based on the results of the research findings, the study confirms that improvement in beginning teachers' teaching practice produces substantial improvement in students' learning outcomes. In addition, some recommendations and implications have been drawn from the study, so as to contribute to the betterment of the mentoring process in Pakistani schools and also in schools in Kyrgyzstan.