ڈاکٹر محمد طاہر
یکم جنوری کو ۸ بجے شب دارالمصنفین کے ایک بڑے ہمدرد اور ہر وقت کے حاضر باش ڈاکٹر محمد طاہر صدر شعبۂ اردو شبلی نیشنل پوسٹ گریجویٹ کالج انتقال کرگئے، ابھی ان کی عمر ۵۰ برس ہی کی رہی ہوگی لیکن انہوں نے اپنی صلاحیت و ذہانت کے جو نمونے چھوڑے وہ برابر یاد کئے جائیں گے، انہیں تحریر وتقریر دونوں کا ملکہ تھا، پہلی مرتبہ علامہ شبلی کی تاریخِ ولادت کا تعین اپنے ایک مضمون میں کیا جو ’’نیا دور‘‘ لکھنؤ میں شائع ہوا، مگر ان کی زیادہ توجہ انتظامی امور کی طرف ہو گئی تھی جس کا انہیں بہت اچھا سلیقہ تھا، اب ان کی سر گرمیوں کا خاص میدان سرسید انٹر کالج صبرحد تھا جس کو پہلے ہائی اسکول اور پھر انٹر کالج بنوایا، اسے ڈگری کالج بنانے کے لئے جان توڑ کوشش کررہے تھے کہ وقتِ موعود آگیا، دارالمصنفین کے ہر کام میں آگے آگے رہتے تھے، اسلام اور مستشرقین کے موضوع پر یہاں ہونے والے بین الاقوامی سیمینار کے شرکاء کے طعام کی ذمہ داری جس حسن و خوبی سے انجام دی اس کا اعتراف جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن مرحوم برابر کرتے تھے، ان سے اور شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی مرحوم کے علاوہ اس خاکسار سے بڑا مخلصانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے، اﷲتعالیٰ ان کی بشری لغزشوں کو معاف کرے اور ان کی مغفرت فرمائے اور ان کے اعزہ خصوصاً بیوہ اور دونوں کم سن بچوں کو صبرِ جمیل عطا فرمائے۔ آمین! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جنوری ۱۹۹۶ء)
Since about the middle of the 19th century, numerous attempts have been made by Muslim scholars to interpret the Qur’ān to the modern world. By far the largest output of literature produced in this connection, whether in the form of commentaries, critiques or articles in periodical, has been in Urdu, English and Arabic. But whatever the medium of expression employed, the net result is still is far from satisfactory. Moulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) was one of the most notable Muslim figures in Sub-continent. The Tarjuman-al-Qur’ān is regarded on all hands as his main contribution to Islamic learning. His original plan was to prepare side by side two companion volumes to this great of his, one entitled Tafsir-al-Bayana affording a detailed commentary of the Qur’ān, the other entitled Muqaddima, to serve as prolegomena to the Tarjuman -al-Qur’ān. The circumstances of his life did not allow him the time that he needed to execute the two projects. Moulana Azad, s thinking and philosophy about commentary of the Qur’ān is very clear: ''Explain the Qur’ān in the manner of the Qur’ān ''. This paper attempts to enlighten many aspects of Moulana Azad, s commentary of Surat-al-Kahaf and explores his contribution and Comparative Analysis for other selected Urdu Tafasir of his era.
Since maize is primary food stuff for humans and livestock, its amino acid balance is important for proper nutrition. Methionine, an essential amino acid and a primary source of sulfur, is lacking in maize endosperm. Several maize populations were developed through breeding with enhanced methionine content compared with normal maize populations. BS31HM (high methionine) and BS31LM (low methionine) maize were among such populations created by the selection from the highest or lowest methionine content population from original BS31 maize. Candidate gene approach was adopted to determine the difference between the two populations at of transcript level of the selected genes in the endosperm. The selected genes i.e. 15-kDa β-zein, 16-kDa γ-zein, 19-kDa α- zeinB1, 27-kDa γ-zein, 22-kDa α-zein and 18-kDa δ-zein were responsible for coding of endosperm storage proteins when analyzed through real time RT-PCR. Similarly, expression level relative to the high population (2-ΔΔct) values were also calculated for BS31HM and BS31LM respectively. The p-values were determined by student’s t-test at confidence level of 95%. The expression of 18-kDa δ-gene, 15-kDa β-gene and 16-kDa γ- gene were found to be significant (p<0.05) in high methionine maize population when compared with low methionine maize population. Non significant (p>0.05) differences in the expression level of 27-kDa γ-gene, 22-kDa α-gene and 19-kDa α-gene were observed in both (HM) and (LM) maize populations. From these results it can be concluded that all zein genes did not show expression equally in high methionine and low methionine maize populations. For selection of high and low methionine or other limiting amino acid levels in maize and feed samples auxotrophic strains could be a useful tool to identify the limiting amino acids. The bacterial assays for amino acid assessment are based on the nutritional requirements of the strain, relative concentration and availability of the amino acid in the liquid media, which shows a precise growth response to added amino acids. In the present study we tested triple auxotrophic E. coli strain with the objectives to identify whether this strain can be used to identify all the three limiting amino acids in maize samples. The triple auxotrophic strain was checked on M9 media for nutritional requirement to identify whether it is auxotrophic for methionine, lysine and tryptophan or only for one or two amino acids. The data indicated that triple strain was deficient for all the three amino acids. For further confirmation another experiment was conducted on different corn samples with different level of amino acids. Analysis of variance indicated that the probability of the observed variation due to chance was 0.0329 or less. The data revealed that growth of the triple auxotrophic strain was limited by lysine in most of the corn samples, but samples with extremely high lysine levels may cause growth to be limited by other amino acids. Further experiments should be conducted to optimize triple strain for identification of the all three limiting amino acids in maize.