KEEFEKTIFAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FILM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS CERPEN SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 34 MAKASSAR

The study aims at describing the effectiveness of the use of film media in learning to write short story of class VII students at SMPN 34 Makassar. The study is an experimental true design with posttest-only control design. The study was conducted at SMPN 34 Makassar. The populations of the study were 292 students of class VII. The samples were taken by employing simple random sampling and obtained class VII1 as the experiment class and class VII3 as the control class. Data collections were then analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis an inferential statistics analysis. The results of the study indicated that students’ ability at the experiment class that wrote short story by employing film media showed extremely sufficient result. Students who were able to abtain above the set KKM was 83, 3% or 25 students, and students who obtained below the set KKM was 16, 7% or 5 students. On the other hand, students’ ability at the control class that wrote short story by employing conventional media (pictures) showed sufficient result. Students who were able to abtain above the set KKM was 54, 8% or 17 students, and students who obtained below the set KKM was 45, 2% or 14 students. So, the results indicated that the use of film media is effective to be used in learning to write short story proved by the hypothesis test which used inferential statistic of independent sample test obtained the t score by 4,405 with the independent degree 59 at the level of significant p= 0,000 because α = 0, 05 > p = 0,000 so H0 hypothesis was rejected and H1 hypothesis was accepted. Suggestions based on the study are teachers should use variation, one of the examples is by using film media in learning to write short story. Students should be active to learn how to write and should have more practices in writing short story. Students should be active to learn how to write and should have more practices in writing short story. The researches should use this research as a reference to conduct further study with different learning strategy to obtain alternative of learning strategies.

Determinants of Technological and Administrative Innovations in Non-Profit Organizations

Non-profit Organizations (NPOs), distinct from the governmental and private organizations, are a main part of a country and society. Time has shown the importance of NPOs in a country. They not only affect the society, but also the economy. The changing conditions of the economy imply NPOs to innovate their structures, policies, rules and doings in order to survive better. For this innovation has always been a major characteristic of NPOs. Non-profits should understand the different factors that bring such innovations. This study tries to analyse those factors which cause innovation and their effects on innovation. The study aims to explore the differential effects of structural, process and human factors on two types of innovations; administrative and technological. A data set of 324 respondents from non-profit organizations has been collected through interviews with heads of the organizations and through self-administered questionnaires. The responses have been statistically analysed through regression analysis and correlation matrix through SPSS 16. The positive and negative impacts of the five independent variables upon two dependent variables have been analysed by these tests. The results show that the factors that are favourable to technological innovations are almost the same as factors conducive to administrative innovations. Two variables; centralization and specialization are significant predictors'of administrative innovation and the same two factors plus transformational leadership are significant predictors of technological innovation. Based on these results, implications for the management of non-profits and future research suggestions have been recommended.