Intelligence System of Holy Prophet (PBUH) an Important Military Tool

In the modern warfare, intelligence plays a pivotal role, and is, therefore, considered an essential part of defense strategy in all countries. In the Islamic defense system, intelligence has been an important tool right from the days of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). This paper aims at explaining the importance of intelligence for the defense of an Islamic State according to the teachings of Islam.  The word intelligence in this paper has been used in the military sense. The scope of this paper is limited to the Holy Quran, Hadith and prominent events of the Hijrah, battles of Badr, Uhud, Trench and consequent of Makkah. Intelligence is considered the most important tool of war in modern times. No army can fight without it.  Getting information about enemy’s plans, assets and movement (ops intelligence) and safeguarding own information; morale and loyalty of the troops (counter intelligence) are its two main aspects.  An overview of the Holy Quran, Hadith and life of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) reveals that both there aspects of intelligence have been given due importance in Islam.

Stress Coping Strategies Used by Teachers in a Private Education System, Gitgit-Baltistan

Teachers' stress has been recognized to effect teachers' performance throughout the world. It is found to be one of the key factors leading to bum out. Therefore, research and studies have been focusing teachers' stress and the ways that can help teachers cope with their distress. It has been observed that teachers deal with stress by using different coping strategies. These strategies could vary depending upon different contextual realities. It is, therefore, important to know these realities. Moreover, it is also important to know through research as what coping strategies would work in one particular context. So that teachers are helped by guiding them to the right attitude towards stress and by informing them about the ways that can help them overcome their problems. I Ience, studies are needed that should inform educators and teacher trainers about how to proactively prepare teachers for dealing with their stresses. The purpose of this study was to explore the stress coping strategies used by teachers and the reasons that motivate teachers for adopting these strategies. The study also looked at the impact of the coping mechanisms on teachers' well-being and professional efficacy. The study employed a mixed-methods design and was done in two phases; phase one explored the coping strategies used by teachers working in a Private Educations System (PES) using a quantitative survey, whereas phase two, looked at the reason for the use of certain strategies and the impact of these strategies on teachers' health and profession using qualitative interviews. Sixty nine teachers from PES participated in phase one and three teachers, two male and one female, participated in phase two. These teachers were teaching different subjects at secondary level. The survey and interviews were used as main modes of data collection. The data analysis for the quantitative phase was done was done through SPSS and for qualitative phase was done by making codes and then developing themes and sub-themes which were further analyzed in depth. The findings of the data reveal that teachers employ emotion focused and problem focused coping strategies by appraising the situation of stress after appraising the situation of stress. Here, their learning from past experience and teachers' personal characteristics mediate the process of appraisal. The impact of the coping strategies used have been different for different individuals again depending upon their personal characteristics such as interpersonal, communication and problem solving skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers