نواب اسمٰعیل خاں مرحوم
یہ سطور زیر تحریر تھیں کہ نواب اسمٰعیل خاں مرحوم کی وفات کی خبر ملی، مرحوم ایک بڑے باپ نواب اسحق خاں کے لڑکے اور ایک نامور دادا نواب مصطفے خاں شیفتہ کے پوتے اور خود بھی بہت سے اوصاف سے متصف، قدیم تہذیب و شرافت کا نمونہ تھے، قومی و ملکی سیاست سے بھی ان کو دلچسپی تھی، چنانچہ خلافت کی تحریک کے زمانہ میں وہ کانگریس کے ساتھ اور ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی میں عملاً شریک رہے، مگر اس زمانہ میں بھی ان میں بڑی دینی و ملی حمیت تھی، غالباً اسی بناء پر پاکستان کے قیام کی تحریک کے بعد مسلم لیگ میں شامل ہوگئے، وہ اس کے مقتدر رہنما اور فطرۃً نہایت سنجیدہ متین اور باوقار تھے، اس لئے ہر زمانہ میں ان کی روش معتدل رہی اور وہ جس جماعت میں بھی رہے ان کی حیثیت امتیازی رہی اور ان کا خاص وزن و وقار رہا، گو وہ لیگ کے لیڈر تھے، مگر ہندوستان کی تقسیم کے بعد انھوں نے پاکستان کی راہ نہیں لی، بلکہ ہندوستان ہی میں رہ کر یہاں مسلمانوں کے درد دکھ میں شریک رہے، کچھ دونوں تک مسلم یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر بھی رہے تھے، ان کی موت سے ہماری قدیم تہذیب و شرافت کی ایک باوقار یادگار مٹ گئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس خادم ملک و ملت کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے نوازے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۵۸ء)
نواب محمد اسمٰعیل خاں مرحوم
( پروفیسر رشید احمد صدیقی)
نواب محمد اسمٰعیل خاں، نواب محمد اسحق خان کے بیٹے اور نواب مصطفےٰ خاں شیفتہ کے پوتے تھے، شیفتہ کو دیکھا نہیں، لیکن ان کی غیر معمولی ذہنی اور اخلاقی خوبیوں کا حال کتابوں میں پڑھا ہے، شیفتہ کی بڑائی میں کیا شک جب حالیؔ اس پر گواہی دیتے ہوں۔
نواب اسحق خاں...
Fatwa is the easiest tool to explore the religious status of any newer problem faced by the public, though it is non-binding theory by its nature still people rely on that and get it from any renowned scholar to for the sake of awareness and to support their religious background. The ultimate result in fatwa depends on the methodology adopted in it. Alike methodologies of tashdeed and tasahul the precautionary methodology has also been practiced in the earlier stages of Islam when the issues were not much complicated but in the era we live in the newer are much complicated which need this methodology to be practiced. This study throws light on the concept of such methodology, on its reasons and principles. It concludes that the precautionary methodology of fatwa is based on shariah rules and its is admissible by its nature but when this methodology becomes the way to save a compulsory thing then it becomes compulsory and when adoption of this methodology becomes to strengthen a Haram action then adoption of this methodology becomes Haram.
Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of mastitis in dairy goats. This organism is recognized as major mastitis causing pathogen in dairy animals worldwide. In humans, it also caused various diseases such as food poisoning and Staphylococcal enterotoxins. This bacterium mostly infected the dairy herds due to poor sanitary conditions and untreated groundwater used to wash utensils during milking practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among infected dairy goats. Hundred milk samples were collected from infected dairy goats and grown on a blood agar. A total of 58/100 (58%) were positive for S.aureus that was further confirmed on the basis of biochemical tests namely catalase positive and coagulase positive. The positive isolates of S. aureus strains were analyzed using a molecular technique. DNA of positive S. aureus isolates was extracted using Macherey-Nagel kit method. The extracted isolates of S. aureus were run on agarose gel electrophoresis. Ethidium bromide dye was used to visualize DNA bands using UV illuminator. The amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA of positive S. aureus isolates was performed by Polymerase chain reaction. Primers (Forward primer 5''-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG & Reverse primer 5''-AAG GAG GTG ATC CAG CCG CA) were designed using Primer 3 software. PCR clean up method was used in purification of sequences. These amplified gene products were further sequenced by using Sanger method. The sequenced results of these bacterial species were confirmed by comparing the sequences present in BLAST program at National Centre of Biotechnology Information. MEGA 7 software was applied for the construction of Phylogenetic tree. Some other bacterial species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter baumannii along with Staphylococcus aureus were also identified due to their genetic differences. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the p-distance method and in the units of the number of base differences per site. The analysis involved 14 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 371 positions in the final dataset. Antibiotics such as penicillin, erythromycin or tetracycline are used in the treatment of mastitis in goats. It is concluded that Staphylococcus aureus was more prevalent in the milk samples of infected goats and is an etiologic agent of mastitis in dairy goats. The consumption of raw milk may infect humans and lead to various infections.