معاشی ترقی میں تعلیم کا کردار
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز سامعین اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’معاشی ترقی میں تعلیم کا کردار ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
ہر شخص یہ چاہتا ہے کہ معاشرے میں میرا مقام بلند ہو جائے ، مجھے لوگ امیر انسان تصور کریں۔ میرے مشوروں پرعمل کیا جائے ، میری رائے کو اہمیت دی جائے ، میری شخصیت مسحور کن ہوں ،میری عادات متوازن ہوں ، میر ااٹھنا بیٹھنا معیاری ہو ، میری نشت و برخاست میں آن بان اور شان کی جھلک نمایاں ہو۔ میں طلسماتی شخصیت کا مالک ہوں۔
جنابِ صدر!
ان تمام اعزازات کے حصول کے لیے درعلم و حکمت پر دستک دینا پڑے گی ، اپنی معاشی حیثیت کو بحال کرنا ہوگا، کیونکہ جس کے گھر میں خوردونوش کا سامان نہ ہو، اس کی سوچ کے انداز تبدیل ہو جاتے ہیں وہ صرف یہ سوچتا ہے کہ رات کا کھانا کہاں سے آئے گا، بچوں کا پیٹ کس طرح پالا جائے گا، بچوں کو ڈھانپنے کے لیے کپڑے کہاں سے آئیں گے۔ اس کو اور کسی بات سے غرض نہیں۔
محترم صدر!
معاشی ترقی کے لیے تعلیم اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔ تعلیم کے حصول سے نہ صرف انسان معاشی طور پر مضبوط ہو جاتا ہے بلکہ اس کی ترقی مثالی ہو جاتی ہے۔ جسمانی لوازمات کو پورا کرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ تعلیم اس کو روحانی تازگی اور تراوٹ بھی فراہم کرتی ہے اور نا جائز ذرائع سے معاشی آسودگی کا خواہش مندتحصیل علم کے بعد اپنی اسی خواہش کی تکمیل میں کوشاں رہتاہے۔
لاتی ہے گلستاں میں معیشت کی یہ بہار
تعلیم کی یہ جستجو ضائع نہیں جاتی
جنابِ...
Background: To avoid delays in outpatient facilities for managing benign gynecological conditions like abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), there is a need to evaluate the usage of unconventional methods like outpatient hysteroscopy. Objectives: To evaluate the usage of outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: An observational study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Combined Military Hospital, Kharian. The study included 56 women having AUB with or without a history of failed medical treatment. The study participants underwent outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was done under the local para-cervical block in the Outpatient department. Procedure indications, outcome and biopsy findings were recorded on predesigned proformas. Results: Median age of the study participants was 44 years. The most common indications for diagnostic hysteroscopy were postmenopausal bleeding (34%) and heavy menstrual bleeding (28%). Hysteroscopy outcomes included endometrial biopsy (34%), discharge with no biopsy (25%), further test and evaluations required (21%), and admission due to failed outpatient procedures (20%). Sixty-two percent of the study participants had normal biopsy findings while other biopsy findings included polyps (20%), fibroids (14%) and endometrial hyperplasia (4%). Nine percent had unsuccessful hysteroscopy due to patient refusal to proceed. Conclusion: Outpatient hysteroscopy can be helpful in the early and rapid diagnosis of women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulation is a popular multicarrier technique adopted for wireline communication, which offers computationally inexpensive channel equalization, based on cyclic prefix, in addition to bit and power loading. A cyclic prefix is pre-appended in multicarrier modulated (MCM) techniques, that helps mitigate the inter-symbol interference due to mul- tipath effect. For channel equalization, a single tap per subcarrier is sufficient to compensate for the channel distortion in the frequency domain, provided the cyclic prefix length is of the order of the channel. This formulates a Zero-Forcing frequency domain equalizer, which com- pensates the channel attenuation with an inverse channel response. However, this method has the shortcoming of enhancing channel noise, where the channel is of low magnitude, in the high frequency range. It has been observed through the studies on channel measurements that most channels display the characteristics similar to that of a lowpass filter. Therefore, the cyclic prefix (CP) based equalization in MCM techniques enhances channel noise, which in turn increases the bit error rate and also reduces the post equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this thesis, as a solution to this problem, hybrid DMT modulation techniques, that is the Uniform and Non-Uniform DMT modulation are proposed and implemented for the DSL and the power line channels. The performance analysis of the proposed modulation techniques in the DSL channel and for the various categories of the power line channel is presented. Since the Non-Uniform and Uniform modulation techniques are hybrid techniques, and their structures are a combination of wavelet filter banks and conventional DMT systems, therefore, the effect of inter-channel crosstalk and its relation with the filter’s order is also investigated. Computational complexity of the hybrid modulation techniques is also derived, and it is found to be greater than that of the conventional DMT system. Moreover, different methods are adopted for quantization of channel noise enhancement. A reconstruction error is derived to ascertain the quantity of channel noise enhancement in different subbands of the communication channel and also for this purpose, post equalization SNR is computed. A modified Non-Uniform DMT transceiver was proposed and implemented for the DSL channel. It is depicted through simulation results that the Non- Uniform DMT modulation shows some improvement in the post equalization SNR, and its modified form gives better performance, however at the cost of reduced data rate. The Uniform DMT modulation technique is proposed with a power-allocation algorithm for different sub- channels of the DSL and the power line channels. The Uniform DMT modulation performance evaluation through simulation results shows significant improvement in SNR in comparison with the conventional DMT system, at the cost of greater computational complexity, for the various DSL and power line channels.