مولانا عبدالحق مدنی
دوسرا حادثہ مولانا عبدالحق صاحب مدنی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ ہندوستان کے ممتاز علماء میں تھے، ان کی پیدائش تعلیم و تربیت اور نشوونما مدینہ طیبہ میں ہوئی تھی، اس لیے مدنی کہلاتے تھے۔ دینی علوم میں مہارت کے علاوہ عربی زبان و ادب میں اہل زبان کی جیسی بصیرت حاصل تھی، مرادآباد کی شاہی مسجد کے مشہور مدرسہ میں درس و اہتمام کی خدمت انجام دیتے تھے، اور ادب یہ مدرسہ ان ہی کی بدولت چل رہا تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ دینی علوم کے اس خادم کو عالم آخرت کی سربلندی سے سرفراز فرمائے، اب زمانہ کے اثر سے ہماری دینی درسگاہوں کا رنگ بھی بدلتا جاتا ہے، اور نئے علماء میں وہ روح نہیں پیدا ہوتی جو پرانے علماء کا طغرائے امتیاز تھی، اس لیے ان میں جو یادگار مٹ جاتی ہے اس کا بدل نہیں پیدا ہوتا۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۵۵ء)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal disease and developing countries are struggling to overcome this health hazard especially in rural areas and faced globally. Therefore, serious measures are required to reduce this global health hazard. Millary and pulmonary are the most common types of tuberculosis occurring globally. X-ray is the preliminary method to detect tuberculosis; however, the diagnosis is quite often subject to human error. In contrast, the chances of curing Tuberculosis depend on its timely and accurate diagnosis. Therefore, an intelligent machine learning algorithm is developed in this study to assist the clinician in an accurate TB identification in x-ray images. The proposed method pre-processes the X-ray image, enhances its quality and extracts the features of each class which are further passed on to a Deep Convolutional Neural Network-based design for the X-ray image classification, followed by the identification of the tuberculosis type i.e. Millary, Cavitary, Healthy. The classification accuracy for the developed method resulted in 88% and 89% for millary and cavitary TB diseases in x ray images.
Phytic acid (Myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hexa-kisphophate) is a storage form of phosphorus and can accumulate to levels as high as 35% in the wheat kernel. Phytic acid acts as an anti-nutritional macromolecule (anti-nutrient) in the wheat kernel. Due to its inhibitory role, a high concentration of phytic acid is undesirable as it hinders the bioavailability of some essential nutrients such as Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn and Cu, etc. To see the inheritance of phytic acid in wheat, phytic acid concentration was initially determined in kernels of 10 wheat genotypes to identify two contrasting genetic groups for diallel analysis. Based on pre-screening results of 10 wheat genotypes, five wheat genotypes (3 with high and 2 with low phytic acid concentration) were crossed in all possible combinations during 2007-08 to generate a 5 × 5 full diallel set for studying the inheritance of phytic acid and other agronomic traits. All 20 F1 hybrids and five parental genotypes were planted using a completely randomized block design with 3 replications during 2008- 09 at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar. Variance analysis for all traits revealed significant differences, providing justification for diallel analysis. According to Hotelling’s t2 test and regression analysis, the model of additive-dominance was adequate for phytic acid, plant height, flag leaf area, tillers plant-1, grains spike-1, biological yield; partially adequate for days to heading, grain filling duration, spikelets spike-1,1000- grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and inadequate for plant maturity. Values of D greater than H1 and H2 for flag leaf area and plant height indicated their additive nature, whereas values of D less than H1 and H2 for grain filling duration, grains spike-1, 1000- grain weight, tillers plant-1, spike length, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and phytic acid concentration accounted for non-additive control of these traits. The same results were confirmed by average degree of dominance calculations. The narrow and broad sense heritability estimates varied widely among traits - days to heading (0.07, 0.32), flag leaf area (0.31, 0.55), grain filling duration (0.24, 0.91), plant height (0.12, 0.28), spike length (0.17, 0.62), spikelets spike-1 (0.35, 0.74), tillers plant-1 (0.05, 0.52), grains spike-1 (0.05, 0.68), 1000-grain weight (0.25, 0.68), biological yield (0.10, 0.89), grain yield (0.13, 0.98), harvest index (0.09, 0.64) and phytic acid concentration (0.01, 0.86). The values for phytic acid concentration ranged from 0.56 to 3.43% among F1 hybrids and 1.06 to 3.67% for parental genotypes. The following F1 hybrids, Ps-2005 × Ghaznavi (0.56%), AUP-4006 × Ps-2004 (0.74%), Janbaz × Ps-2004 (0.89%) and Janbaz × Ps-2005 (1.01%), had the lowest concentration of phytic acid. This research confirms that F1 hybrids with low phytic acid concentration could yield desirable segregants.