تفسیر‘‘محاسن التاویل’’ میں جلال الدین قاسمی کے منہج کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Brought up in the context of a very critical time of Islamic history, Imām Muḥammad Jalāl’uddīn Qāsimī (1866-1914) played a vital role to reform and purify the ongoing mindset of the Muslims in Syria in his time. He was a man believed in an independent thinking in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. He taught the people to get rid of the backwardness and blind imitation (Taqlīd). For this purpose of his, he presented the works of the previous leading Islamic Scholars as they were. He was expert in various fields of knowledge like Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and their Sciences, Jurisprudence, Dialectic, etc. One of his masterpieces is his exegesis known as “Maḥāsin al-Tāwīl”. It is a great exegetical work; as most of the exegetical aspects are entertained in it. It has nine or seventeen volumes according to its two different editions, including a whole volume of preamble containing eleven Rules of Quranic Sciences. Although the critics object to his copying the long paragraphs of the prominent Islamic Scholars without commenting or editing and on his long discussions that deviate the reader from the actual purpose of the Holy Qur’ān, but to present the material in this way for the purpose of reformations of Muslims and to bring them back to the way of Salaf through their words, in that crucial time, justifies the significance of the work. In this article, the author probes to present the mythology adopted by Imām Qāsimī in his exegesis and its scholarly merits.

Estimation of the Losses Caused by Mites in Wheat During Storage

In the present study, investigations were made to find the changes in different physical and chemical parameters of three wheat varieties (Lasani-08, Faisalabad-08 and Sehar-06) infested by varying levels of stored grain mites (Rhizoglyphus tritici). Results showed that significant variations were observed in physico-chemical characteristics, mineral profile, amino acid profile and fatty acid profile of three wheat varieties. Mite population was significantly increased and reaches upto 7513 mites in Lasani-08 after six months in the treatment initially treated with twenty pairs of mite. Maximum decrease in the thousand kernel weight was observed in Lasani-08 out of all the three varieties after six months of storage which was from 38.50g in control to 26.07g in treatment with maximum number of mites. Wet and dry gluten were also found decreasing with increasing infestation of stored grain mites in three wheat varieties. Wet gluten ranged from 22.65% in T3 after six months to 31.74% in T4 after one month in Sehar-06, while dry gluten ranged from 6.17% in T3 after six months to 9.92% in T4 after one month in Sehar-06. Moisture content was found increasing with increasing mite population after different storage periods in three varieties. Maximum moisture was observed in Lasain-08 after six months of storage in the treatment initially treated with twenty pairs of mites that was 18.13%. Crude protein and crude fat were found decreasing in three varieties and ranged from 10.03% after six months in T3 of Faisalabad-08 to 14.43% after one month in T4 of Sehar-06 and 0.52% after six months in T3 of Faisalabad-08 to 1.38% after one month in T4 of Faisalabad-08, respectively. Fiber and ash content showed a significant and positive correlation with mite population. Fiber ranged from 1.03% after one month in T4 of Lasani-08 to 4.30% after six months in T3 of Sehar-06. Ash ranged from 1.23% after three and six months in T4 of Lasani-08 to 3.60% after six months in T3 of Sehar-06. Maximum decrease in NFE of Sehar-06 was observed after six months in the treatment having maximum mite population (T3) that was 62.12% from 65.64% in control. Flour quality parameters such as falling number, water absorption, dough development time, dough stability, mixing tolerance index and softening of dough showed significant and negative correlation with mite population. Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg) and Zinc (Zn) in different wheat varieties were found increasing with increasing mite population after one, three and six months of storage, although this increase was just a proportion increase due to the depletion of other contents in grains. Different amino acids were found decreasing with increasing mite population in three wheat varieties after different storage periods and exhibited negative correlation with mite population. Different fatty acids were found decreasing with increasing mites infestation. After different storage periods Capric, Myristic, Palmitic and Palmitoleic ranged from 0.05 to 0.18%, 0.07 to 0.19%, 12.25 to 16.25% and 0.15 to 0.40%, respectively while Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic ranged from 0.21 to 0.62%, 12.15 to 15.90%, 55.33 to 59.82% and 4.80 to 7.50%, respectively under different treatments. Conclusively, it can be inferred that stored grain mites infestation deteriorate the quality of stored wheat.