معافی دا اثر
آکھیا جاندا اے کہ کسے پنڈ وچ دو بندے رہندے سن۔ دونویں اکو محلے وچ رہندے سن۔ اکو سکول وچ پڑھدے سن تے آپس وچ دوست وی سن، پر عادتاں دونواں دیاں اک دوسرے توں الٹ سن۔ جس پاروں اک نوں تے لوک پسند کردے سن تے دوجے نوں برا آکھ کے نفرت کردے سن۔ اک دا ناں عامر سی۔ بہت ای نیک، محنتی تے فرماں بردار سی۔ اوس کدے اپنے ماں پیو نوں تنگ نئیں سی کیتا۔ پڑھائی وچ بہت تیز، اخلاق دا چنگا تے ماں باپ دی ہر گل مندا سی۔ پڑھائی وچ چنگا ہوون پاروں سارے استاد اوس نال پیار کردے سن۔ سارے دوست اوس توں خوش تے اوہدی تعریف کردے سن۔ ایس لئی کہ اوہ دوستاں دا خیال رکھدا تے پڑھائی وچ اوہناں دی مدد کردا رہندا۔
جدوں کہ جبار بہت زیادہ لاپرواہ سی، ہر ویلے شرارتاں کردے رہنا تے الٹے سدھے کم کرنے۔ سکول وچ سب توں زیادہ نالائق۔ جس وجہ توں استاد اوس نوں پیار نئیں سی کردے تے نہ کوئی اوہدا جماعتی اوہنوں دوست بناندا۔ سارے محلے والے اوہدیاں شرارتاں توں تنگ سی۔ گلی چوں لنگھدے ہویاں جانوراں نوں چھیڑنا، بزرگاں نال بدتمیزی نال بولنا، بالاں کولوں چیز کھو کے کھا لینا، اوس دی عادت سی، اوہ اپنے والدین دی عزت نئیں سی کردا تے نہ ای اوہنوں کسے دی عزت دا خیال سی۔ اوس دے سکول والے تے والدین اوس کولوں بہت تنگ سی۔ اوہ اکثر سکول نہ جاندا تے آوارہ منڈیاں نال آوارہ گردی کر دا رہندا۔ سکول دے کیفے اتے بہہ کے سگریٹ پیندا تے اک دوجے نوں مذاق کردا، ہر استاد نال بدتمیزی نال بولدا تے کدے کدے کلاس روم دے باہر کھڑا ہو کے اپنی حاضری بولدا تے اوتھوں نسدے ہوئے اپنے آوارہ دوستاں کول آ...
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and plays a significant role in promoting political and national solidarity in the country. Languageserves as a unifying force that brings together people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds and fosters a sense of shared identity and belonging. One of the main ways in which Urdu promotes political and national solidarity is through its use as a medium of communication across the country. Urdu is widely spoken and understood in Pakistan, and its use as an official language ensures that people from all regions of the country can communicate effectively with each other. This helps to promote a sense of unity and understanding between different groups, which is essential for building a strong and cohesivenation. In addition to its role as a medium of communication, Urdu also has a rich literary and cultural heritage that is deeply intertwined with the history and identity of Pakistan. Urdu poetry, literature, music, and art have played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural landscape and providing a shared cultural identity for its people. Furthermore, usingUrdu in political discourse and media plays a crucial role in promoting national unity and solidarity. Political leaders and media outlets use Urdu to communicate with the public. Thelanguage is often used to express nationalistic sentiments and promote a sense of pride in Pakistan's culture and heritage. Urdu plays a vital role in promoting Pakistan's political and national solidarity byserving as a unifying force that brings together people from different regions and cultural backgrounds. Its use as a medium of communication, its rich literary and cultural heritage, and its role in political discourse and media all contribute to fostering a sense of shared identity and belonging among Pakistanis.
Streptokinase (SK) is a fibrinolytic protein which has been produced by several species of β-hemolytic Streptococci. It has been extensively used to treat cardiovascular disorders by activating plasminogen into plasmin and eventually dissolving the blood clot. The objective of the current research project was to exploit indigenously isolated Streptococcus agalactiae EBL-20 for the production of SK and enhancing its productivity by Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutations, optimized culture conditions and nutritional requirements. Four mutants namely, S. agalactiae EBL-31, S. agalactiae EBL-32, S. agalactiae EBL-33 and S. agalactiae EBL-34 were selected by different screening procedures using triton X-100, casein plasminogen overlay assay and clot lysis assay. The optimum levels of four process variables (pH, temperature, incubation time and inoculum size) were obtained by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). According to statistical results, a temperature value of 37.5⁰C and pH 7 of the fermentation medium with 2.50 mL inoculum size for 36 hours of incubation was considered as optimum for enhanced SK production. After optimization, mutant derived strains EBL-31, EBL-32, EBL-33 and EBL-34 resulted in 2.01, 2.30, 3.70 and 2.48 fold increased activity as compared to parent S. agalactiae EBL-20, respectively. The best mutant obtained after performing optimization studies was found to be S. agalactiae EBL-33 with 3.70 fold increased activity, hence it was purified and exploited for characterization studies with reference to S. agalactiae EBL-20.The purification of SK by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-G100 resulted into specific activity of 447.6 and 1278.87 U mg⁻¹ from parent S. agalactiae EBL-20 and mutant derived S. agalactiae EBL-33, respectively. The molecular weight of SK obtained from both the strains of S. agalactiae was found to be 47 kDa. Study of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed that SK obtained from S. agalactiae EBL-33 has more potential for utilizing its substrate i.e., plasminogen with high thermostability, in contrast to SK derived from S. agalactiae EBL-20. The study concludes that both UV rays and EMS are effective mutagenic agents for enhanced production of SK from S. agalactiae. Moreover, enhanced SK yield can be obtained by optimizing the nutritional necessities and fermentation/cultivation conditions of the microorganism.