پیوستہ رہ شجر سے امیدِ بہار رکھ
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’پیوستہ رہ شجر سے امید بہار رکھ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
زندگی تو گزر ہی جاتی ہے، رات کی تاریکی ہو زندگی تب بھی گزر جاتی ہے، دن کی روشنی ہوزندگی پھر بھی گزر جاتی ہے، ریگستان میں تپتی ہوئی ریت ہوزندگی وہاں بھی گزر جاتی ہے، گلستان میں موسم بہار ہوزندگی وہاں بھی گزر جاتی ہے ،سورج کی تپش سر پر سوار ہوزندگی تب بھی گزر جاتی ہے۔ جناب ِصدر! زندگی کانٹوں پر بھی گزری جاتی ہے، زندگی پھولوں کی سیج پربھی گزر جاتی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
اصل زندگی تو اس کی ہے جو معاشرہ سے وابستہ رہ کر گزارتا ہے، جو قوم سے محبت میں گزارتا ہے، جوملت سے ہم آہنگی میں گزارتا ہے، جو غرباء سے ہمدردی میں گزارتا ہے، جومحبت میں، موانست سے گزارتا ہے، جو کس مپرسی کی پشت پناہی میں گزارتا ہے۔
صد رِذی وقار!
جوملت سے مربوط ہوتا ہے، جو اپنے قویٰ اس کے استحکام کے لیے بروئے کار لاتا ہے، جو اس کی ترقی کے لئے شب و روز وقف کر دیتا ہے، جس کی مساعی جمیلہ اپنی قوم کے لئے مختص ہوتی ہیں، جس کوملت سے انس کبھی مضمحل نہیں ہونے دیتا، جس کی تمام کدوکاوش اپنی قوم کے لیے ہوتی ہے۔یہی اصل میںر جل رشید ہے اور زندہ انسان ہے۔
محترم صدر!
یہ وہی شخص ہوسکتا ہے جو درددل رکھتا ہو، جوقوم کے لئے مر مٹنے کو تیار ہو ، یہ جذ بہ وہی انسان پیش کرسکتا ہے جس کی نشست و برخاست ، جس کی گفت و شنید ،سب کی سب ملت کے...
Intelligence system is considered to be one of the important tools used by military and civil secret agencies to defend and strengthen a nation. Intelligence system is thought to be one of the oldest studies of known history. Intelligence system consists of correct and accurate information, gathered after great struggle and facing difficulties. This department is related to both peace and war. Intelligence is a basis of formulating all military strategies and plans. The importance of Intelligence system both in day to day life and as a nation cannot be overemphasized. This article narrates the history of espionage, which is as old as the history of mankind itself. Five thousand years ago, the Egyptians has a well-organized secret service. In the ancient western country, it was called as; hakim’, in Spain (Undles) as ‘Sahib al Madina’, in Tunis as ‘Ray’ and in Iran the as “Areef”. Nowadays it is known as ‘Muqadama-Tul-Haaraat’, Salaf-Us-Saliheen calls its “Shurtaa” and some calls it as ‘Sahib al-us-us’ as they use to move throughout the night to look for anti-state elements. The first ever victim of intelligence warfare was Hazrat Adam (A) where Satan revolt against him. Similarly, the incident of Hazrat Yousaf (A) is the indication of old age practice of espionage. Due to jealousy, his brothers sold him as slave and told their father that he has been eaten alive by a wolf. Hazrat Musa (A) had his network of espionage. Even birds had been used for spying, like in the case of Hazrat Suleman (A) where he was informed by the hopp bird about the Queen of Saba. The study of the Bible reveals that instead of Hazrat Eessa (A), Yehuda Skruti was crucified but still nobody knows for sure that whether he was a true follower of the Jesus or was an implanted agent of the Romans Intelligence Agency. Anyhow, Bible declared him as a Roman spy. The ongoing tribal wars in ancient Arabs further emphasized this activity. The rest of the world had already well developed intelligence system. But in Arab, it was in its development phase and it was the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who got it from his ancestors and developed it. In addition to the intelligence systems of the early prophets, the relevant events in the realm of Nijashi of Habsha and Alexander the Great, have been narrated in this article.
This project was aimed at the synthesis of some chromone derived ligands and their transition metal complexes of biological significance. The ligands 1–17 were synthesized by the reactions of 6,8-dichloro-3-formylchromone and 4-aminobenzoic hydrazide, 4-brmobenzoic hydrazide 4- chlorobenzoic hydrazide, , 4-hydroxybenzoic hydrazide, isonicotinic hydrazide, nicotinic hydrazide, 2,5-dichlorophenylhydrazine, tetraflororophenylhydrazine, 2,5-diflororophenylhydrazine, m-tolylhydrazine hydrochloride, 2,3,5,6- 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid, semicabazide, 4-phenylsemicarbazide, 4,4- diphenylsemicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide respectively. The structures of all the ligands were determined by analytical and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR) techniques. These ligands 1–17 were used for synthesizing their copper (II) complexes 18 – 34. All the synthesized metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic moment, IR, electronic spectral and thermal data and were found to be six-coordinated exhibiting octahedral geomatry. The synthesized ligands and their transition metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains by the agar-well diffusion method. The ligands were found to exhibit either no or low to moderate activity against one or more of the bacterial species. Whereas, all the metal complexes exhibited varied activity against different bacteria. The ligands, which were inactive before complexation became active and less active ones became more active upon coordination with copper ions. The complexes 18 - 22, 27 - 28 and 30 - 33 showed comparatively much higher activity. However, the metal complex 34 was found to be the most active one.