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Zeekay's big bite

Thesis Info

Author

Urooj Zahra

Supervisor

Asma Sajjad

Department

Department of Software Engineering

Program

MSc

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xiii,54

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Other

MA/MSC 005.3 URZ

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676724120221

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ٹونی دی قربانی

ٹونی دی قربانی

کسے پنڈ وچ اک کسان رہندا سی۔ بہت ای محنتی تے ہر کم شوق نال کرن دا عادی سی۔ اوس دے گھر والے تے سجن اوس نوں محنت نال کم کردے ویکھدے تاں بہت خوش ہوندے۔ واہی کرن دے نال نال اوس نوں مختلف جانور پالن دا شوق وی سی۔ اوہ روز سویرے اُٹھدا، نماز پڑھدا تے خود ناشتہ کرن توں پہلاں چڑیاں، کاواں تے طوطیاں لئی دانہ لے کے اپنے گھر دی چھت اتے چلا جاندا۔ اوس دے چھت اپر جاون دی دیر ہوندی سی کہ بہت سارے پرندے دانہ چگن لئی اوتھے آ جاندے۔ اوہ پرندیاں نوں دانہ پاندا تے پانی والا بھانڈا روز بھر کے رکھدا۔ کئی وارانج ہوندا کہ پرندیاں نے اوہدے چھت اپر چڑھن توں پہلاں شور مچایا ہوندا سی۔ انج جاپدا کہ پرندے اوہدے نال گلاں کردے نیں۔ اوہ بہت خوش ہوندا خاص کر اوس ویلے جدوں اوہ کسے زخمی پرندے دی مرہم پٹی کردا۔ اوس دا بالاں وانگ خیال رکھدا تے صحت یاب ہوون تے اوس نوں آزاد کر دیندا۔ اوہ بیمار جانوراں دی تلاش وچ روز جنگل وی جاندا۔ پر اوس نوں کوئی جانور نہ ملیا تے اوہ گھر مایوس پرتدا۔ ایس توں بعد اوہ ناشتہ کردا تے کھیتاں وچ کم تے ٹر جاندا۔ سارا دن رج کے محنت کردا تے شام نوں گھر واپس آندا۔ اوہدے والدین اوہدی محنت توں بہت خوش سن۔

ایس کسان دے گھر وچ صرف چار جی سن۔ اوس دا باپ، ماں، وڈا بھرا تے اوہ۔ گھر وچ اوہدا چوتھا نمبر سی۔ اوہ اپنے  والد دی ہر گل مندا۔ جس پاروں اوس دا والد اوہدے نال رج کے پیار کردا۔ اوہدی سالگرہ دادن آیا، پر اوس نوں سالگرہ اتے وکھری قسم دا تحفہ دیون دا سوچیا۔ الماری وچوں پیسے لے تے اپنی گھر والی نوں...

The Aligarh Miracle

Social movements are considered to be a modern phenomenon but they have existed in the past as well. Aligarh movement initiated by Sir Sayyid Ahmed khan is a typical social movement from 19th century, aimed at modernization and uplift of the Muslim community of India. It emerged in a period when the Indian Muslims were facing a sharp decline in their socio-economic and political status. This decline had created a psychology of retreat among them wherein they suspected any attempt to reform their lot. For instance, the introduction of modern education by the British rulers was adopted by the Hindu majority for obvious economic benefits. Conversely, the Muslims remained wary of modern education, particularly the English language as a conspiracy to destroy their age-old culture and religion. In this backdrop Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s tireless drive to inculcate modern education proved to be a miracle that transformed the Muslim middle classes for the next century. Although Aligarh movement has attracted tremendous scholarship, there has been virtually little attempt to theorize it as a social movement. In this context the present paper aims to study Aligarh Movement on the parameters of contemporary theories highlighting the causal dimensions of social movements. It will particularly explore the relevance of the elements of deprivation, resource mobilization, political processes, structural strain and those highlighted by the new social movement theory as causal factors in the emergence and evolution of Aligarh Movement.

Kras Oncogenic Mutation Pattern in Pakistani Patients Presenting With Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a Northern Tertiary Referal Centre

Veterinary Pathology Pathology Abstract Colorectal cancer is a global disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Involvement of genetic and environmental factors produces variability in its prevalence. KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) is one of the important genes responsible for sporadic CRC. The constitutive GTPase activity of the gene is lost when it gets mutated and so the deregulated cells undergo unrestricted proliferation leading to oncogenesis. From therapeutic point of view, patients with KRAS mutations do not benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition drugs as those who possess normal KRAS. The analysis of KRAS mutations is therefore important from both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic methodology and the valuable information of this study will be quite helpful in future. The objectives of this study were to document the KRAS oncogenic mutation pattern mostly in Northern Pakistani residents presenting in AFIP, Rawalpindi after their intestinal resection due to CRC. The other objective was to relate this mutation pattern with histopathological categorical variables like age, gender, presenting clinical complaint, tumor site, size, histological differentiation, modified Duke Stage of tumor, nodal metastasis and metastasis in other organs. Hundred and eighty one cases of CRC from persons residing in northern area of Pakistan were collected and observed for the above mentioned parameters. DNA was extracted from the tumors and normal tissues of all the study subjects. PCR was done for gene amplification and the status of KRAS mutations in Pakistani CRC patients was analyzed by gene sequencing. The results showed more prevalence of CRC in the males of northern areas of Pakistan. Both males and females with higher average age had high tendency to acquire CRC. Rectum was found to be the most common location of CRC, followed by sigmoid. Exophytic well differentiated adenocarcinomas were the most common form of CRC. Gene sequencing did not show even a single KRAS mutation in the tested samples. It can be inferred from this study that either there is no KRAS mutation in northern area patients suffering from CRC or the mutation frequency of this particular gene is relatively very low as compared to the results of studies reported in the literature. A wider scale study of these patients may prove the cause of CRC to be due to mutation of some other genes or may be due to some non-genetic factors.