Implikasi Peran Dan Fungsi Pengawasan Bank Syariah Di Indonesia Pasca UU No. 21 Tahun 2011

The growth of the Sharia banking system in Indonesia is considered a measure of Sharia's economic success. The Indonesian Sharia Banking Supervision is responsible for regulating sharia banking activities. It is important to note that this information is from a regulatory point of view. The regulation and supervision of sharia banking activities are based on amendments to Act No. 3 of 2004 on the Bank of Indonesia, No. 23 of 1999, and Law No. 21 of 2008. After the passing of OJK Act No. 21 in 2011, Indonesian banks were granted the authority to oversee Sharia banks, which were then transferred to the JSC. The Financial Services Authority was formed due to concerns from various parties about the supervisory function of Indonesian banks in regulating Sharia banking. The JSC does not directly monitor all activities of Sharia institutions, but rather ensures that certain aspects are overseen by other institutions, such as the DPS (Dewan Pengawas Syariah).  The DPS is responsible for overseeing Sharia Financial Institutions, and is registered based on the approval of the National Sharia Council (DSN). The objective of the OJK is to meet and protect the needs and interests of the public, create a stable and sustainable financial system, and implement a financial system based on the principles of good governance, which include accountability, transparency, and independence.

Molecular Characterization and Evaluation of Biosorptive Potential of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria from Textile Effluents of Faisalabad

Heavy metal contamination now a day is one of the major global environmental concern and the main sources of heavy metal contamination are either natural or anthropogenic. Industrial wastewater is commonly used for irrigation in most of the developing third world countries. As the number of industries is being increased day by day in the modern world, with this the concentration of heavy metals is also being increased. Several studies have been conducted to elaborate the effects of these heavy metals on living organisms including animals, plants and human. This study aims to isolate, identify some indigenous heavy metal tolerant (HMT) bacteria from textile effluents and to evaluate their biosorptive potential. Three indigenous isolates were screened out showing maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) and multi metal resistance (MMR) to Ni and Co at different levels and were given name as AMIC1, AMIC2 and AMIC3. Molecular characterization confirmed that AMIC1 was (K. variicola, accession number LT838344) while AMIC2 and AMIC3 were (B. cerus accession numbers LT838345 and LT838346 respectively). Biosorptive potential was accessed using Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and it was found that AMIC1 reduced (49%, 50%) of Ni after 24 and 48 hours respectively and (68.6%, 71%) of Co after 24 and 48 hours respectively. Similarly AMIC2 reduced (48.4%, 49%) of Ni after 24 and 48 hours respectively and (70.6%, 73.6%) of Co after 24 and 48 hours respectively. AMIC3 reduced (51.8%, 50.6%) of Ni after 24 and 48 hours respectively and (73.2%, 71.8%) of Co after 24 and 48 hours respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analyze the functional groups and overall nature of chemical bonds in bacterial strains while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed to detect outer morphological changes in the bacteria in response to metal stress. So it can be concluded that all three bacteria possessed significant bioremediation potential which could be utilized for the development of bioremediation agents to detoxify textile effluents at industrial surroundings in the natural environments in Pakistan.