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Credit appraisal process for SME'S in State bank of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Madeeha Khan

Supervisor

Sumayya Chughai

Department

Department of Business Administration

Program

MA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xiv, 94

Subject

Business Administration

Language

English

Other

MA/MSC 658.421 MAC

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676724153908

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مولانا ابوالعرفاں خان ندوی

مولانا ابوالعرفان خاں ندوی مرحوم
جناب مولانا ابوالعرفان خاں ندوی صاحب ۱۷؍ نومبر کو تقریباً ساڑھے تین بجے شب میں اپنے رب کے حضور پہنچ گئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
عالمِ کی موت کو عالم کی موت سے تعبیر کیا جاتا ہے، مولانا مرحوم کی وفات ہوئی تو یہ محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ علوم کا ایک جہان ویران ہوگیا ہے، ان کے احباب و رفقاء اور متعلقین و تلامذہ ہی خوب جانتے ہیں کہ کیسی مجموعۂ فضائل ہستی کو انھوں نے سپردخاک کردیا۔
مولانا مرحوم کا وطن شیرازہند دارالخیور جونپور تھا، لیکن جونپوری کی نسبت محض ایک وطنی نسبت نہیں تھی، ان کی شخصیت میں علم و ادب، فلسفہ و کلام، وقار و استغناء تواضع، منکسر المزاجی، مہمان نوازی بلکہ دلنوازی کی وہ تمام روایات مجتمع تھیں جن کے لیے خطہ جونپور کبھی رشک ہرات و نیشاپور تھا اور جن کی وجہ سے صاحبقران بادشاہ شاہجہاں نے کہا تھا کہ پورب شیراز ماست۔
وہ جونپور کے ایک علمی خانوادہ میں پیدا ہوئے ان کے والد جناب مولانا دین محمد صاحب اس علاقہ کے مشہور عالم دین تھے اور مولانا حافظ عبداﷲ غازیپوریؒ کے خاص شاگرد تھے جو اتباع سنت اور زہد و ورع میں بھی ممتاز تھے۔
والد ماجد سے ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد وہ مدرسہ امدادیہ دربھنگہ میں زیر تعلیم رہے، دارالعلوم دیوبند میں بھی داخلہ لیا، مگر جلد ہی ۳۹؁ء میں ندوہ آگئے اور یہیں تعلیم مکمل کی، فراغت کے بعد دارالمصنفین میں مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کی رہنمائی میں فلسفہ و کلام اور تاریخ کی کتابوں کا مطالعہ کیا، اس کے بعد دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوئے اور دمِ واپسیں تک ندوہ سے ان کا رشتہ استوار رہا، ۶۷؁ء میں شیخ عبداﷲ مرحوم کی دعوت پر کشمیر کے ایک تعلیمی ادارہ سے بھی وابستہ رہے...

پاکستانی دستور میں حکمرانوں کا تصور استحقاق اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

Constitution is the basic code of every state system. There are laws for state administration, discipline and rulers in constitution. There are some privileges for the rulers in the Pakistani constitution. Among the privileges that Pakistani rulers have, laws of exception, protocol and luxury packages or facilities are included. In Pakistani constitution, the rulers also enjoy these privileges and according to the rules and regulation of parliament and senate. Our Constitution does not provide Parliamentarians any specific immunity against criminal actions as has been granted to the President as well as the Prime Minster. The only specific protection enjoyed by a Minister/Prime Minister is for official actions under powers of their office. The right of lessen or amendment in Sharīʻah penalty of the President of Pakistan is not right according to the Islamic Sharīʻah. But he can utilize honorary rights in criminological penalty. The Governor has the authority to dissolve the Provincial Assembly under certain circumstances during the emergency situation. If the ruler uses the option of freedom of opinion with deception, dishonesty and contempt of court then he should also be answerable. Sometimes rulers misuse their privileges and even exceed their powers. Discretionary options of the rulers must be under public interests. Such privilege rules must be amended which reflect inequality between rulers and masses. It is necessary to put the honorary rights of rulers under logic and there must be a law of behold for the unlawful usage of authority, so that the bad utilization of these laws can be prevented. Such reserved rights must be amended which enhance the concept of un-equity between the rulers and public. For the better administration harmony among the public and administration is necessary. In this research paper we will analyze the concept and importance of privileges mentioned in the Constitution of Pakistan in the light of Islamic teachings.

Ablatives Based on Multiple Reinforced Elastomeric Composites for Aerospace Applications

Ablatives are materials used to protect the inner hardware of aerospace structures from the inimical temperature and shear environments. Fifty six diverse compositions have been used with numerous incorporations (MWCNTs, nanokaolinite, nanomontmorillonite, fine natural cork, phenolic resin, carbon fiber, Kevlar fiber, glass fiber, Spectra fiber, and ceramic fiber) and elastomeric matrices ( ethylene propylene monomer, styrene butadiene, silicon, and nitrile butadiene rubber) to fabricate polymer ablative composites for hyperthermal/hypersonic environment encountered during the space vehicle and ballistic missiles re-entry missions. The reinforcements have been impregnated into the elastomeric matrices using internal dispersion kneader and two-roller mixing mill. Three types of mold geometries have been used according to ASTM standards to fabricate the composites on the hot isostatic press to evaluate in-situ back-face temperature elevation, linear/radial ablation resistance, and mechanical properties. High temperature ( ≈ 3000 o C) oxy–acetylene torch coupled with the temperature data logging system was used to execute the ablation measurements of the ablative composites. Thermal stability and heat absorbing capability investigations have been carried out on the TG/DTA equipment. Mechanical properties have been executed using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and rubber hardness tester. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed to demonstrate the reinforcement’s dispersion, interface quality, char morphology, char–reinforcement interaction, and compositional analysis of the composites. The ablation, thermal, and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites have been positively influenced with increasing the concentration of the nanoclays/synthetic fibers/nanotubes in the host rubber matrices. The least backface temperature evolution under 200s flame exposure, best linear/radial/mass ablation resistance, and the utmost improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break have been observed for 30 wt% nanokaolinite and 7 wt% chopped Kevlar fiber impregnated ablative composites. High thermal stability, heat quenching capability, low thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and remarkable reinforcement–matrix adhesion are identified as the most viiprominent factors for enhanced ablation performance. The novelty of this research work is the fabrication of new ablative formulations with augmented ablation resistance (linear ablation rate of ~ 0.002mm/s) and back-face temperatures in the vicinity of 55 o C. This compares with the ablation rates of 0.01mm/s and back-face temperatures 130 o C for contemporary work using elastomeric composites under similar conditions. A host of ablators have been ranked in terms of linear and radial ablation rate, backface temperature, and mechanical strength following head-on impingement, or radial flow conditions of oxy- acetylene flame. The designer can choose the appropriate combination of ablators for the situation at hand using the ablation data provided in consolidated form towards the end of the thesis.