آہ! سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن!!
مسند شبلی و سلیمان اجڑ گئی
جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن ناظم دارالمصنفین و اڈیٹر معارف ہم سب کو چھوڑ کر اب خدائے رحمان کے آغوش رحمت میں چلے گئے، گذشتہ ماہ ۱۸؍ نومبر کو ٹیلیفون اور ریڈیو سے دن میں دو ڈھائی بجے کے درمیان ان کی المناک شہادت کی خبر دارالمصنفین میں بجلی بن کر گری اور ان کے متعلقین و وابستگان دارالمصنفین کی امیدوں اور آرزوؤں کے خرمن کو خاک و سیاہ کرگئی، مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ، مولانا عبدالسلام ندویؒ اور مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد ندویؒ کے بعد دارالمصنفین کی بزم علم و ادب اسی چراغ سے روشن تھی لیکن افسوس کہ باد حوادث کے جھونکوں نے اسے بھی گل کردیا:
صبح تک تو نے نہ چھوڑی وہ بھی اے باد صبا
یادگار گل شمع تھی کل تک جو پروانے کی خاک
وہ بالکل ٹھیک تھے، ۱۰؍ نومبر کو لکھنؤ روانہ ہونے سے پہلے فجر بعد ہی مجھے نومبر کے معارف کے شذرات دیے اور ۹ بجے دن میں انھیں کاتب کے حوالے کرنے کی تاکید کی اور عین روانگی کے وقت فرمایا کہ ۱۹؍ نومبر کے بعد واپس ہوں گا، میں ان کی مشایعت کے لیے ان کے پیچھے ہوگیا تو مڑکر میری جانب دیکھا اور فرمایا کہ بیٹھیے! میں نے مصافحہ کے لیے ہاتھ بڑھایا تو انھوں نے مصافحہ کرتے ہوئے خدا حافظ کہا اور آگے بڑھ گئے، میری طبیعت نہ مانی اور میں ان کو رخصت کرنے کے لیے پھاٹک تک گیا، وہاں دوسرے رفقاء اور وابستگان دارالمصنفین بھی ان کو رخصت کرنے کے لیے پہلے سے موجود تھے، سب سے رخصت ہوکر وہ رکشہ پر بیٹھ کر روانہ ہوگئے، ۲۰؍ نومبر کو جمعہ تھا، جمعہ چھوٹ جانے کے اندیشہ سے وہ اس دن سفر نہیں کرتے، اس لیے خیال تھا کہ ۲۱؍ نومبر...
This article is an attempt to know about “The Succeeds of Guru Nanak and Their Significance in the Development of Sikhism. There have been nine Succeeds of Guru Nanak in the history of Sikhism. They took significant role in the field of development of Sikhism. It has been studied the major works of these succeeds in this articles. It throws light on the methodology and strategies of the succeeds of Guru Nanak in their reign. Gurdwara panja sahib is one of the holiest places in Sikhism which is believe hold a rock hand print of Guru Nanak. Every year, hundreds and thousands of pilgrims from various parts of the world, especially India and rural areas of Sindh, visit this temple to offer religious rituals in Connection with various occasion like Rakhi, Besakhi, Birth and death anniversary of Guru Nanak Ddev, Joti Jott Mela, death anniversary 05th Guru of Sikhism Guru Arjun Dev. And last emperor of Punjab Maharaja Ranjeet Singh. The lager (holy Food) served at the temple is part of the teachings of Guru Nanak dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism.
The present study, deals with the isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus oryzae for the alpha amylase production. Seventy eight isolates of A. oryzae were isolated from different soil samples. The strains were initially selected qualitatively on starch agar medium and screened quantitatively for enzyme production in shake flasks and a strain producing 130 ±0.1U/ml of enzyme was selected which was assigned the code IIB-30. The selected strain was subjected to physical and chemical mutagenic treatments in order to improve its amylolytic potential. During the treatments, isolates were qualitatively and quantitatively screened. Among these, EMS-18 exhibited the highest enzyme activity (347±1.2 U/ml). This mutant showed 2.6 fold increased activity over the parental strain in terms of enzyme production. The cultural conditions and nutritional requirements of the selected strains (both wild and mutant) were optimized in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks prior to scale up studies in a fermenter. Six different fermentation media were evaluated for the alpha amylase production by both wild and mutant strains of A. oryzae in shake flasks fermentation. Of all the media, M4 containing (g/l); starch 20, yeast extract 8.5, NH 4 Cl 1.3, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.12, CaCl 2 0.06 gave maximal enzyme production i.e., 168±2 (wild) and 385±2 (mutant) which was highly significant (p≤0.05). The effect of incubation temperature, initial pH, volume of media and inoculum size was investigated on the enzyme production. The optimal enzyme production was obtained at 30°C, pH 5, volume, 10 % and inoculum size 4 %, by both wild and mutant strains. The rate of fermentation was also studied and the highest yield of enzyme was obtained 72 h after inoculation.xiv Corn starch (2 %) and lactose (1.5 %) as carbon sources while, ammonium sulfate (0.3 %) and peptone (0.2 %) as nitrogen sources were also optimized. Different surfactants were added to the fermentation media and Tween 80 at the level of 0.1% was found to be the best for enzyme production. The scale up studies for alpha amylase production was carried out in a 7.5 L stirred fermenter. The rate of fermentation for enzyme production by both wild and mutant strains was investigated.) It was found that the enzyme production increased gradually and reached maximum (335 U/ml and 608 U/ml) after 64 h (wild) and 48 h (mutant). The kinetic depiction of results showed optimal fermentation period for enzyme production to be 64 h and 48 h, respectively. The other cultural conditions such as initial pH (5), aeration level (1.5 vvm), dissolved oxygen (15 %), inoculum size (10 %) and agitation intensity (200 rpm) were optimized for enzyme production. The fermented broth was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation at different saturation levels (20-90 %). The optimum level of ammonium sulfate saturation was found to be 70 % that gave 1.3 fold purification. By using Sephadex- DEAE column, the active fractions were eluted using 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.30 M NaCl at pH 7.5. The molecular weight of alpha amylase was found to be 48 kDa on SDS-PAGE after gel filtration. A total of 9.5 fold enzyme purification was accomplished. The effect of time, temperature, pH and metal ions on purified enzyme was also investigated and maximum activity was achieved after 30 min at 40oC and pH 5 in the presence of Ca+ 2 ion.