گلوبلائزیشن: تعارف, محركات اور مقاصد

The humanity witnesses a strange international phenomenon called the Globalization which endeavors to make an intellectual unification in the sphere of norms — education, social, economic and politics. 77m carries a strong challenge for the Muslim societies across the world. Through a focus on the educational, cultural, economical and politiiclal spheres and to employ the devices of communication — media and the internet. The world has shrunk into a small village which is diminishing the geographical, historical, political and educational boundaries. The world is undergoing the transition in materialistic and educational values and principles which are not accorded as per the Islamic values. Through media and interactive modes of communication. Hence, it becomes necessary to examine all aspects of this subject to be on a firm position of this transformation to preserve and safeguard our Muslim identity. In this context, the concept of globalization by Muslim and western scholars and its impact on globalization are discussed along with some proposals in order to cope with the negative effects of globalization in the Muslim societies.

The Process of Task Delegation Through Motivation: Case Study of a Private School in Karachi

This study aimed to identify the processes used by the principal of a private school in Karachi, Pakistan to motivate teachers for the accomplishment of the delegated tasks. The research focused on three major areas i.e. process of delegation; support provided in delegation and challenges occurring during the process of delegation. In the context of Pakistan, principals are mainly found as typically isolated with their positional powers. (Bahadur, 2010). This is one of the reasons when the tasks are delegated to the teachers; they are left with less support and perhaps no guidance. There are some significant literatures which illustrate that a school principal, as a distributed leader, plays a versatile role in developing a second line of leaders in the form of teacher leaders. This is mainly achieved by institutionalizing the process of delegating responsibilities to the teachers and motivating them to fulfill delegated responsibilities. With the aim and focus, this study is carried out within the paradigm of qualitative research and designed under the case study method. To obtain in-depth information and understand the facilitating factors for supporting teacher leaders to fulfill delegated responsibilities, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. The findings of this study have informed that the principal uses a structured process for selecting and delegating responsibilities to the teachers. Moreover, through support mechanism in the system principal also motivates teachers extrinsically and intrinsically to fulfill the delegated tasks. These mechanisms are strong communication system; empowerment; collaborative learning; capacity building; flexible work structure and trustworthiness. Furthermore, data have also highlighted some challenges like coordinators' turn over, lack of incentives and overloaded work which create hindrances in the process of delegation. Nevertheless, the efforts applied by the principal resulted in professional development of the teachers; building accountability and ownership among the teachers; sharing of responsibilities, creating future leader and improving teachers' performances.