حياة نسيم حجازي ومكانته العلمية والأدبية في الأدب الأردي

Abstract: The article deals with the life and contribution ofNaseem Hijazi towards reconstruction ofIslamic thought through his historical novels in New Muslim generation. As a novel writer < Naseem Hijazi is regarded as one of thefinest writers of Urdu language especially in the later 20th century. Among his popular contemporaries were Ibn-e-Safh Saadat Hasan Manto< and Shqfiq-ur-Rehman< all having their particular line ofliterature. Naseem Hijazi is knownfor his potent and romantic description of history. There are only two writers prior to Hijazi who wrote history novels in Urdu: Abdul Haleem Sharar and Sadiq sardhunwi < but Hijazi’s writing is most credible in terms of historical description and accuracy. He exercised extra care to back his study of history by through research and to cite his sources whenever possible. Hijazi creates his powerful expression by blending this study of history with fairytale romanticism. The story usually revolves around characters who were related to< and shown present at the actual historical event that wishes tofocus on. Naseem Hijazi bases most ofhis work in Islamic history. In dealing with this history' he shows both the rise and fall of the Islamic Empire. This writer seems to have been inspired a lot by Allama Muhammad Iqbal's poetry. He tries, not very unlike Iqbal, to remind his readers of the lost glory of the Muslims and in a way inspire them to work with commitment to achieve lost glory in all walks of life. Naseem Hijazi has immensely influenced his readers both in and out of Pakistan. He has been one of the key sources of Islamist ideologies in Pakistan and worked as a key ideology and valour builder during the Soviet-Afghan War. Many Pakistani educated Youngsters throughout 1950s till today are believed to have been emotionally and ideologically inspired by his writings. He enjoys a very large reader base even after his death.

Facilitating Social Studies Teachers in Teaching Controversial Issues for Developing Political Literacy in Students

This research study a small scale action research attempted to look into the role of a teacher educator in facilitating social studies teachers in teaching controversial issues to develop political literacy in students. A need for teachers to be educated and facilitated in teaching controversial issues was felt by the researcher which led to this study. The study was conducted with two secondary social studies teachers in a private English medium school in Karachi. The process of action research started with the teacher educator studying her own and the participants' existing beliefs and practices regarding the teaching of controversial issues and political literacy. The situation was also studied to gain an understanding of what was going on. Using the training model by Joyce and Showers, the researcher followed the steps of planning, implementation, observation and reflection, through two main and several small cycles. Data was collected through observations, semi structured interviews, pre and post discussions and reflective conversations. Analysis of data was done side by side with data collection. The study reports some possible strategies for teacher educators which facilitated the preparation of teachers to teach controversial issues. Findings and key learning include the researcher's learning as a teacher educator and an action researcher, learning about the teachers and the situation. The study explains how the teacher educator was able to facilitate the teachers and improve her practice as a teacher educator in the process. Based on the findings some implications are put forward along with some recommendations and suggestions.