A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang with Special Regard to Agenda Setting Theory of Press: Ten Years before and after 9/11

The relationship between Pakistan and America has always been a focus of the media of both countries as well as the international media. Even a slight shift in the policies of these two countries for each other is capable of making newspaper headlines and attracting maximum attention of the press of both countries. This study is a comparative analysis of the editorial pages of daily Dawn (English) and daily Jang (Urdu) to explore the agenda setting role of two of Pakistan’s oldest and most credible newspapers, vis-à-vis the Pakistan-US relationship. The research takes into consideration a total of 20 years of Pakistan-US relations by dividing the period into two groups which are ten years before the incident of 9/11 and ten years after 9/11. This understudied period is specifically important because the relations between Pakistan and America during these phases have vacillated between periods of engagements, wherein Pakistan enjoyed the status of the most favoured ally without compromising its regional interest, and the periods of disengagements wherein Pakistan faced sanctions from the US and was left alone to deal with the aftermath of the Afghan war and the War on Terrorism. Hence, this study obtains interesting insights about how the two Pakistani newspapers which represent the Urdu and the English press of Pakistan highlighted the agenda-setting role of the press through the coverage of the issues between Pakistan and US on their editorial pages.

Feminism in Prose Novels and Short Stories of Nawaal Al Shadavi and Fahmida Riaz A Comparative Study

This study is a comparison between two female pioneer authors of the two important Islamic languages Arabic and Urdu. This study deals with the similarity between literatures of known phenomena, and we find this similarity very clearly in the literary works of known Arabic female writer Nawal El Saadawi and famous Urdu literary personality Fahmida Riaz, about whom this study speaks. The basis of this study is resemblance which is based on the association in the femininity and socio political similarities of woman due to same circumstances which the both countries Egypt and the Indian subcontinent passed through, like British occupation for a long period of time and similar psychological problems, whereas the characteristics of each literary era appear in the works of writers of that era regardless of their geographical location and their culture. This study will be very useful in the field of comparative studies in various parts of the world, and one day when it will come into being, it will provide solid bases to one another. I divided this study into four chapters: the first chapter named as "the feminism its concept and development in the Arabic Literature" and the second chapter is about "The feminism in works of Nawal El Saadawi," whereas the third chapter is about "the feminism in the works of Fahmida Riaz" and the fourth chapter deals with “comparative study of the works of Nawal El Saadawi and Fahmida Riaz." In the points of resemblance the researcher has found many similarities between these two writers for stance their self dependency and the way they suffered hardships of appearing before the courts because of their works. This study points out some of the differences between the two authors. In brief, the human natures are similar and their reaction is similar within their framework, whereas they wished for humanity a prosperous future and this wish is still latent in the human subconscious since ancient times. And since the man left heavenly paradise, his efforts are to convert this dream into reality by making earthly life paradise. The literary efforts of these two prominent authors target to achieve the same dream and that is to improve the human life to that extent.