Impacts of Psychological and Domestic Violence On Women in Pakistan: Problems & Solutions in the Light of Islamic Teachings

Since the creation of woman, she faces many problems in her life. Different societies have their own customs and traditions. And woman faces problems regarding them. Pakistani society has its own influence and civilization which causes many problems of women. In these traditions, one of the bad behaviors is, marriage of woman on wrong time i.e. Late marriage or early time marriage. In the result, at least, she faces Problems regarding dowry, Joint family system, Family disintegration, Childlessness, Propensity to violence, Effects of husband remaining alone from wife etc. On the basis of social divisions in Pakistani family system and depiction of woman issues having effects on herself, the significant and their mediation is very necessary, too. Many of these problems has Psychological impacts on woman in her domestic life. In Pakistani society where woman faces domestic and family problems, there economic problems too pester her which include greed for riches and lack of them both pester her psychologically. In this paper, above mentioned problems of women in Pakistani society has been discussed in the light of Islamic teachings.

Population Ecology and Effects of Nutrient Limitations on the Eco-Physiological Aspects of Gynandropsis Gynandra L. Briq

This thesis focuses on the population biology of Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.), member of family (Capparaceae) a summer annual plant, for two consecutive years 2012 and 2013 under undisturbed and disturbed environments respectively. The aspects which have been studied with respect to disturbance includes the demographic patterns, vegetative and reproductive growth, seed bank and dispersal patterns of G. gynandra. Any change in the external environment also impacts the physiological behaviors of plant, therefore, this thesis also presents the impact of disturbance on the nutrients status of G. gynandra population. Field work was carried out in the campus area, University of Karachi. The site was relatively undisturbed in the year 2012 and planned construction activities were ongoing in the nearing vicinities. With the passage of time, levels of anthropic as well as grazing disturbances increased in the entire area. Eventually, in the year 2013 the study site was no longer secluded and various disturbance agents were observed to exist. Evident disturbances included grazing, trampling, garbage dumping, burning and vehicle parking. Demographic studies revealed that G. gynandra populations increased immediately following seasonal monsoon showers and mortality increased towards the later stages of plant life. Plant density, vegetative and reproductive growth, dry weights and biomass allocation to component organs declined in the year 2013 (disturbed). Significant differences were observed in the buried seed reserves at three phenological stages, i.e. before rainfall, after rainfall and after dispersal. The overall seed density was low in the year 2013 versus that in 2012. Seeds of G. gynandra covered greater dispersal distances in the year 2013 (disturbed) versus 2012 (undisturbed) pertaining to movement of seeds via disturbance agents. In the soil and leaf samples of G. gynandra collected from the study area, significant differences were not observed in the amount of inorganic nutrients between disturbed and undisturbed years, primarily due to their gradual input through disturbance activities from time to time. Carbon, metal oxides and silicon were present in greater quantities compared to other inorganic nutrients in both the years. Significant decrease was observed in the amount of total and reducing sugars, total proteins and chlorophyll “a” content in the leaf samples of G. gynandra plants in year 2013 (disturbed) versus 2012 (undisturbed) which is attributed to the impact of defoliation and mechanical damage to physiological functions in G. gynandra population.