Intake of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Influences on Sexual Dysfunctions

Epilepsy which is also called seizures disorder is an uncontrolled action of the central nervous system. It is not a single disease but a set of neurological disorders. Actually in this situation, the brain does not receive a precise signal and as a result an abnormal condition is produced that is usually involuntary in action. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship of anti-epileptic drugs with sexual dysfunction and adaptation of better remedies that improve a patient’s family life. Sexual dysfunction is a common comorbidity in people with epilepsy which badly affects their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is caused by different factors like psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and social factors etc. Sexual dysfunctions include ejaculatory failure, lessen libido, penile erection in men and irregular menstrual cycle in women. Common drugs such as Topiramate, Gabapentin (GBP), Valproate (VA), Carbamazepine (CBZ), Olanzapine (OL) and Risperidone (RTG) that are in practice to treat epilepsy usually produced adverse effect on sexual dysfunction. Even though a lot of studies have been carried out to control sexual dysfunction in epilepsy’s patient, but still research is going on. Medicine such as Cyproheptadine, Mianserin, Buspirone, Yohimbine were found better to treat epilepsy with minimum side effects of sexual dysfunction. Moreover, it is also seen that certain vasodilators,  folate , and vitamin supplements are effective in improving the quality of life.

Impact of Business Ethics on Employees Affective Commitment and Employees’ Performance Via Trust in Organization : An Empirical Study on Cellular Operators of Pakistan

This study examines how business ethics (Ethical leadership, Ethical Climate and Organizational Fairness) will have direct and indirect impact on Employees' Affective Commitment, Employees' Job Satisfaction and Employees' Job Performance. This study conducted on cellular operators (Mobilink, Ufone, Telenor, Zong and Warid) of Pakistan. Data were collected through survey questionnaires given personally to 600 employees working in regional and head offices of cellular operators of Pakistan located in four big cities of Punjab Pakistan i.e. Multan, Faisalabad, Lahore and capital city Islamabad. There were 545 questionnaires returned, out of which, 518 dully completed responses were used for the final statistical analysis. The results have shown that three dimensions of business ethics i.e. Ethical Leadership, Ethical Climate and Organizational Fairness are supported as significant predictors of Employees' Affective Commitment, Employees' Job Satisfaction and Employees' Job Performance. Moreover Trust in Organization partially mediates the causal relationship between the Business Ethics (Ethical Leadership, Ethical Climate and Organizational Fairness) and Employees' Affective Commitment, Employees' Job Satisfaction and Employees' Job Performance. Finally, the study also presents some theoretical and managerial implications, limitations and suggestions for future research.