آزادی اظہار کی حدود قیود: مسئلہ عصمت انبیاء اور اقوام متحدہ

West generally blames the Muslim world on the grounds that it does not accede to freedom of expression. But in fact, Islam gave the right of freedom of expression for the first time in history. In Rome before Islam was introduced, the rulers used to enslave the masses. Greek ministers, Roman Catholic pastorates, Spanish Inquisitions and the ministerial experts used to rebuff the individuals who used to articulate unapproved religious perspectives. The British Parliament passed a Bill of Rights in 1689. This bill proclaimed the right to speak freely. It returned amid the French Revolution of 1789 which declared speaking freely as a natural right of each person. As indicated by Holy Quran there might be no impulse in acknowledgment of the religion which is also proved from Sunnah and through the actions of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Blasphemy law is a law related to blasphemy, or irreverence toward holy prophets, or beliefs or religious traditions. In the provisions of Article 18 and 19 of the U.N. Charter, no limitations were made for expression which has left the room open for the defamation on name of freedom of speech. According to Islam, maintaining the honor and respect of all people is essential for regional, national and universal peace. Any articulation which abuses peace, honor and pride of any individual, race, religious gathering or any minority assembly as a rule and so forth cannot be incorporated into the meaning of flexibility of articulation or freedom of speech.

Brand Experience: the Dimensional Necessitation of Self-Congruence Facets and Spillover to Consumers Affective Responses

The central purpose of the study is to investigate the role of brand experience with respect to actual self-congruence, ideal self-congruence, brand experience, emotional brand attachment and orientation toward happiness. In order to achieve the objective, the chapter comprehensively discussed the study variables and their association in the hypothesized direction. The study is based on self-congruity theory and argued that consumers associate their sense of self with brands, and brand imbued with consistent brand personality to self evokes strong brand experience, emotional brand attachment and orientation toward happiness. The self-congruence can be in the form of actual self-congruity and ideal self-congruence. The actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence relationships are based on self-verification theory and self-enhancement theory. The relationship of actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence with orientation toward happiness and brand experience is based on positive psychology contention that people seek happiness from their daily life activities. The chapter further discussed and grounded the hypothesis based on theoretical groundings and prior literature.