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Data flow testing of state machine using ant colony algorithm aco

Thesis Info

Author

Fozia Mehboob

Supervisor

Atif Aftab Ahmed Jilani

Department

Department of Software Engineering

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xxi,187

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Other

MS 005.7 FOD

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676724246763

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مولانا عبدالصمد شرف الدین

مولانا عبدالصمد شرف الدین
یہ خبر بڑے افسوس کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ رمضان المبارک کے آخری عشرہ میں مولانا عبدالصمد شرف الدین نے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
راقم نے جب عربی پڑھنی شروع کی تھی تو اس وقت اکثر عربی کتابوں پر شرف الدین الکتبی اولادہ لکھا دیکھا، معلوم یہ ہوا کہ یہ عربی کتابوں کے بہت بڑے تاجر ہیں جن کا مکتبہ بھنڈی بازار بمبئی میں محمد علی روڈ پر ہے، اس سے اس زمانے کے تمام عربی خواں بلکہ مبتدی بھی واقف تھے۔
مولانا عبدالصمد انہی مولانا شرف الدین الکتبی کے صاحبزادے تھے جو بمبئی سے بھیونڈی آکر کتابوں کا کاروبار کرنے لگے تھے، مولانا کی ابتدائی تعلیم بمبئی کے کسی انگلش میڈیم اسکول میں ہوئی تھی، اس کی وجہ سے انہیں انگریزی پر پوری قدرت ہوگئی تھی اور عربی تو ان کے گھر ہی کی زبان تھی، عربی زبان و ادب کی کتابیں انہوں نے عربی کے مشہور ادیب و فاضل مولانا محمد سورتی سے پڑھیں، اس طرح عربی اور انگریزی میں انہیں اردو سے زیادہ مہارت حاصل تھی۔
مولانا خود اور ان کے والد بزرگوار بھی عربی کتابوں کی تجارت و اشاعت کا کام کرتے تھے، اس کے سلسلے میں ان لوگوں کی آمدورفت برابر عرب ملکوں میں رہتی تھی اس لیے ان کی اکثر رشتہ داریاں بھی وہیں تھی اور ان کے خاندان کے بعض افراد عرب ملکوں ہی میں آباد ہوگئے ہیں۔
۱۹۹۲؁ء میں ان سطور کے راقم کو حج بیت اﷲ کی سعادت میسر آئی تھی، اسی موقع پر رابطہ عالم اسلامی کے اس وقت کے جنرل سکریٹری ڈاکٹر عبداﷲ عمر نصیف سے بھی ملاقات کا شرف حاصل ہوا تھا، میں ڈاکٹر صاحب کو اردو سے بالکل ناواقف سمجھ کر ان سے ٹوٹی پھوٹی عربی میں بات چیت کرنے لگا، بعد...

Water Sharing Conflicts and Management in the Indus River Basin

Sharing water resources within country and amongst transborder countries often create conflict because of increasing demand of fresh water for their domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors due to growing population and increasing economic activities. As a result, every country is interested to build more water storages like dams and barrages to safeguard their water requirements in the lean periods or to protect their areas during flood period. Therefore, a transboundary conflict amongst riparian countries on water sharing is obvious facts which are resolved either through bilateral dialogue or by involving international arbitrators. Similarly, a conflict of water sharing within a country has also been serious issue particularly during drought and lean period resulting political conflicts and obstacles in construction of dams and reservoirs. Pakistan is country of 207 million populations, the sixth of the most populated country of the world has been facing transboundary water sharing conflict with India while within a country inter provinces mistrust over water distribution has created reservation over the construction of new water storages. Pakistan has two agreements which provide legal framework for water distribution and management. Indus Water Treaty is an international agreement signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan and other is national agreement amongst the provinces called Indus water accord signed in 1991 by province. Despite several reservations and hostile territorial conflicts between India and Pakistan the Indus water treaty has been successfully functioning in managing water distribution of Indus River and its eastern tributaries originate from Indian occupied Kashmir. Similarly, Indus water accord 1991 provides a mechanism to resolve water sharing conflicts amongst provinces.

Computer Aided Drug Design and Analysis of Protein Kinases and Other Related Targets

Current Ph.D. dissertation comprises of five chapters. A brief overview of every chapter is presented to provide an outline of the research contribution which is done in this thesis. Chapter 1 provide details regarding the general introduction of Computer-Aided Drug Discovery (CADD). In particular, it focuses on molecular modeling, Structure-based and Ligand-based drug design methods. Chapter 2 is related to the inhibitory studies of CK2 protein. In this study docking, 3DQSAR and MD simulation are reported with an emphasis on how each method is utilized to gain insight at the molecular level. Alignment obtained from the top-ranked conformation of inhibitors was used for developing the statically significant 3D-QSAR model. A further model was validated through the acceptable extrapolative ability to support both training and test set compounds. Structural changes were observed with the help of MD simulation produced by different substitution on inhibitors. Based on QSAR and MD results some new compounds were also designed. Chapter 3 deals with an effort to identify new pharmacological probes with high specificity for EPAC2 inhibition, using various modern computational tools. Initially, a comprehensive assessment of different scoring function and placement methods was conducted, and effective pharmacophore-based virtual screening protocol was set for the screening of EPAC2 inhibitors. The optimal model with the best six features brought forth and used as a 3D query for virtual screening to retrieve potential inhibitors from Maybridge, Cambridge, and NCI database. The screened compounds were subsequently subjected to molecular docking and 2D-QSAR studies. Finally, 22 top scored compounds with different scaffold having interactions with active site residues were predicted as a lead candidate who may become the starting point in the development of novel and potent EPAC2 inhibitor. Chapter 4 comprise of detailed work on Aurora Kinase B inhibitors. The inhibition of Aurora kinase B is necessary for the treatment of cancerous diseases. By utilizing integrated computational techniques, including 3D-QSAR modeling, pharmacophorebased virtual screening, and MD simulation, we proposed some novel compounds as potential Aurora kinase B inhibitors. Additionally, the highly significant 3D-QSAR model was developed using CoMFA and CoMSIA method. Moreover, the obtained best pharmacophore model was used for virtual screening against a database of over 30 million drugs like molecules which were randomly selected from large commercially available databases, i.e. Chembridge, National Cancer Institute database (NCI), Maybridge and ZINC database. The hit compounds were further filtered with molecular docking, and their biological activities were predicted using the CoMFA model. Visual inspection, docking calculations, and MD simulation revealed that novel leads established better binding affinities with Aurora kinase B. Chapter 5 deals with the antidiabetic potential of naturally occurring flavonoids. In this study, 9 selected flavonoids compounds were evaluated for their binding affinities with PKA via molecular docking study. According to in silico prediction, these compounds are involved in PKA dependent pathway which was further explored by in vitro mice islets.