شری راجندرماتھر
ہندی روزنامہ ’نوبھارت ٹائمس‘ کے چیف ایڈیٹر شری راجندر ماتھر ۱۱؍ اپریل ۱۹۹۱ء کوصرف ۴۵؍ سال کی عمر میں انتقال کرگئے ۔آنجہانی ماتھر بڑے ہی فراخ دل اورغیر متعصب انسان تھے ۔سیکولرزم کے دلدادہ اورمسلمانوں کے حقوق کے لیے ہمیشہ ہی جدوجہد کرتے رہتے تھے۔رمضان شریف کے عاشق تھے۔ روزہ افطار پارٹیوں میں باوجود بڑی مصروفیتوں کے ضرور جاتے تھے۔ اکثر کہاکرتے تھے کہ مجھے رمضان شریف کاانتظار رہتا ہے ۔کسی کوکیا معلوم تھاکہ اس نیک دل انسان کی موت رمضان شریف ہی میں ہوگی۔
ہندوستان میں مسلمانوں کاکوئی اخبار نہیں ہے جوان کے دکھ درد سب کو سنائے۔مسٹر ماتھر نے نوبھارت ٹائمس کے ذریعہ مسلمانوں کی مشکلات و پریشانیوں کواہلِ وطن تک پہنچایا۔ہر محاذ پر مسلمانوں کادفاع کیا۔مسلمانوں کوہندوستان کی ریڑھ کی ہڈی بتایا ۔فرقہ پرست ہندوؤں کوہمیشہ ہی انہوں نے ڈانٹا۔ واضح ہوکہ ہندی نوبھارت ہندوستان کاسب سے زیادہ کثیرالاشاعت اخبار ہے جس کے پڑھنے والے بھی کچھ ایک چھوڑ کرسب کے سب ہندو ہی ہیں۔ ایسے شریف اور نیک غیر مسلم انسان ومسلم دوست کی وفات سے یقینا مسلمانانِ ہندکو ناقابلِ تلافی نقصان پہنچا ہے۔ [اپریل ۱۹۹۱ء]
This study specifically examines the implementation of gerojene in the custom of Kaili tribal marriage in terms of fiqh Munakahat. The problem raised was how to understand and implement gerojene according to the Kaili tribal wedding customary law. This research is based on the views of some cultural experts that tradition can be seen as an act and behavior that prevails in a society, both in the form of habits and rules that are worked on from generation to generation inherited from ancestors since time immemorial. The definition is that if it is associated with the Kaili tribe's marriage customs, namely gerojene, then what is meant is the actions and rules held in a marriage ceremony inherited from ancestors and have been held for a long time until today are still maintained and practiced in traditional wedding ceremonies the Kaili tribe in Central Sulawesi. This research data comes from secondary data in the form of theories quoted from books, research journals, fiqh munakahat, and other writings by quoting directly or indirectly. Primary data or data collected from the field of research. Primary data collection uses two types of methods. First observation. The researcher went to the research location. The location of this study was in two districts and one city. Donggala Regency, Sigi Regency and Palu City. This observation activity is to meet traditional Kaili figures. Both methods are in-depth interviews. This was intended to find out the understanding and implementation of gerojene customs in the Kaili tribe marriage through question and answer. The answers given will clarify the problem under study. Through this research, it is known that there are differences in the understanding and procedure for the implementation of gerojene in the Kaili tribal marriages of the past with the Kaili tribe today. The words gerojene were pronounced by the customary leader as the representative of the bride of the prospective wife. After that the prospective husband answered as his agreement. The end of this pledge of women and men has legitimately become husband and wife. This event must be attended by a mother father or representing men and women and witnessing traditional and family leaders.
The primary objective of the present work described in this manuscript was to develop some understanding of improving water stress tolerance in upland cotton through selection and breeding. Root is an important plant organ related to drought stress and significant achievements have been obtained, using rooting technique, for other stresses e.g. salinity. To achieve the objective, 80 cotton accessions were screened out measuring four morphological plant characters including root length, and one physiological parameter i.e. cell membrane injury. Water stress imposed for 45 days significantly reduced shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of 80 cotton accessions, and these accessions differed to a great extent from each other, and sensitivity varied from very tolerant to very sensitive. Some of the accessions like B-557 and DPL-26 showed small leakage of ions due to stress, and were revealed as moisture stress tolerant accessions. Cell membrane injury showed a positive relationship with moisture stress tolerance. The injury was less in tolerant accessions, thus it proved to be a reliable indicator of water status. Indices of stress tolerance showed a wide range of variability based upon parameters measured. The genetic basis of variation in moisture stress tolerance was investigated using the diallel technique. Both additive and dominance properties of genes appeared to control variation at low and high moisture stress, but genes acting cumulatively were more associated with the stress phenomenon. Due to the additive gene effects, estimates of narrow sense heritabilities for water stress tolerance were greater, showing that rapid improvement in the character may be made through single plant selection from F2 segregating population, based upon final productivity of seed cotton yield. Physiological mechanisms like cell membrane injury, relative water content and excised leaf water loss are also conditioned by polygenes, and thus may be improved through selection. The overall conclusion of this work is that cotton varies for moisture stress tolerance, and this tolerance has a reasonably good additive component, and further breeding work would be valuable for developing upland cotton cultivars suitable for moisture deficit area.